Factors affecting anxiety and depression during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of three different populations.

Background: This paper was the first study comparing levels of anxiety and depression and assessing the affecting factors among the general population, frontline healthcare workers, and COVID-19 inpatients in Turkey during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected data from the general population (n = 162), frontline healthcare workers (n = 131), and COVID-19 inpatients (n = 86) using Individual Characteristics Form, Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory in this cross-sectional study. Results: An increased prevalence of depression and anxiety were found predominantly in frontline healthcare workers (p < 0.001). COVID-19 inpatients and frontline healthcare workers were more likely to demonstrate anxiety (p < 0.001) than the general population. In the regression analysis, while fear of infecting relatives was a significant predictor of anxiety and depression in the general population, gender and experiencing important life events were associated with anxiety. Fear of infecting relatives and lack of personal protective equipment while providing care were predictors of anxiety and depression in healthcare workers (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the fear of being re-hospitalised due to re-infection was a predictor of depression and anxiety levels of the COVID-19 inpatients. Conclusion: Policymakers and mental health providers are advised to continuously monitor psychological outcomes and provide necessary health support during this pandemic.

LGBT individuals' opinions about their health care experiences: A qualitative research study.

AIM: To determine the health problems of LGBT individuals and the conditions of their utilization of health care services from their own perspectives. BACKGROUND: Although the health care services have improved over the last decades, LGBT individual still face unique challenges when seeking health care services. METHOD: This study was performed using the phenomenological technique as a qualitative research method. The sample consisted of 18 LGBT individuals selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews using focus group and analysed using content analysis. RESULTS: Two main themes emerged as a result of the content analysis: awareness and status of benefiting from health care. CONCLUSION: To obtain quality care for LGBT individuals, the health care professionals need a persistent awareness-specific knowledge of LGBT health issues. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The findings of this study can be a warning for managers and policymakers to plan seriously to reform health care services infrastructures. Content about the health needs of LGBT individuals can be added to the curriculum of medical and nursing schools.