Thickness of the retinal photoreceptor outer segment layer in healthy volunteers and in patients with diabetes mellitus without retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, or diabetic macular edema.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the severity of diabetic disease in the retina is paralleled by changes in the photoreceptor layer. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included healthy volunteers (30 volunteers, 60 eyes) and patients with diabetes (48 patients, 96 eyes). Each patient underwent a single session of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in which each retina was imaged twice. On each OCT image, the thickness of the PROS layer was measured at the foveal center and at points 750 µm temporal to and nasal to the center. For statistical analyses, OCT images were assigned to one of the following groups: healthy, diabetes without retinopathy (DM), diabetic retinopathy (DR), or diabetic retinopathy with macular edema (DME). RESULTS: The mean PROS thickness at the foveal center in the first and second-obtained OCT images was as follows: healthy, 38.5 µm and 38.6 µm; DM, 38.2 µm and 38.2 µm; DR, 35.6 µm and 36.1 µm; DME, 32.6 µm and 32.6 µm. In the first and second-obtained images, significant differences were found between the healthy group and DR and DME (p < 0.05 for all), between the DM group and the DME (p < 0.05 for all), and between the DR group and the DME group (p < 0.05 for all). No significant differences between groups were found at the nasal and temporal locations. CONCLUSION: The PROS layer at the foveal center was thinner in patients who had diabetic retinopathy or diabetic macular edema than both the healthy volunteers and diabetic patients without retinopathy.

Evaluation of corneal stromal demarcation line after two different protocols of accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking procedures using anterior segment optical coherence tomography and confocal microscopy.

Purpose. To evaluate the depth of corneal stromal demarcation line using AS-OCT and confocal microscopy after two different protocols of accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking procedures (CXL). Methods. Patients with keratoconus were divided into two groups. Peschke CXL device (Peschke CCL-VARIO Meditrade GmbH) applied UVA light with an intended irradiance of 18.0 mW/cm(2) for 5 minutes after applying riboflavin for 20 minutes (group 1) and 30 minutes (group 2). One month postoperatively, corneal stromal demarcation line was measured using AS-OCT and confocal microscopy. Results. This study enrolled 34 eyes of 34 patients (17 eyes in group 1 and 17 eyes in group 2). The mean depth of the corneal stromal demarcation line was 208.64 ± 18.41 µm in group 1 and 240.37 ± 18.89 µm in group 2 measured with AS OCT, while it was 210.29 ± 18.66 µm in group 1 and 239.37 ± 20.07 µm in group 2 measured with confocal microscopy. Corneal stromal demarcation line depth measured with AS OCT or confocal microscopy was significantly deeper in group 2 than group 1 (P < 0.01). Conclusion. The group in which riboflavin was applied for 30 minutes showed significantly deeper corneal stromal demarcation line than the group in which riboflavin was applied for 20 minutes.

Effects of two commonly used mydriatics on choroidal thickness: direct and crossover effects.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of 2 commonly used mydriatics on choroidal thickness using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). METHODS: In this prospective study, 90 healthy subjects were enrolled. The participants were randomly divided into 3 groups based on the application of drops. One eye of each subject received a drop of tropicamide 1% in the tropicamide group (n=30), a drop of phenylephrine 2.5% in the phenylephrine group (n=30), and a drop of artificial tear in the control group (n=30). Drops were given thrice at 5 min intervals. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was measured using EDI-OCT before and at 45 min after drop application in both the dilated eye and nondilated contralateral eye. RESULTS: The SFCT was significantly decreased after drop instillation in both the dilated eye and contralateral eye in the tropicamide group (P<0.001 and P=0.001, respectively) and in the phenylephrine group (P<0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). However, the SFCT did not significantly differ after drop instillation in either the dropped eye or contralateral eye in the control group (P=0.108 and P=0.695, respectively). CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study revealed that tropicamide and phenylephrine cause a decrease in choroidal thickness.

Topical nepafenac in treatment of acute central serous chorioretinopathy.

This study had been performed to investigate the anatomic and functional outcomes of nepafenac 0.1% therapy in acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). The medical records of 30 patients with acute CSC were reviewed for a total of 31 eye charts. Seventeen eye records of 16 patients who were treated with topical nepafenac 0.1% three times daily for four weeks and continued until complete resolution of subretinal fluid were appraised. Fourteen patients with acute CSC (a total of 14 eye records) who did not receive treatment served as the control group also had been recorded. The proportion of eyes with complete resolution of subretinal fluid, serial changes in the mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and the mean central foveal thickness (CFT) at 6 months of therapy were the outcomes measured. Mean age was 42.6±8.2 years in the treatment group and 41.1±7.1 years in the control group (p=0.85). At 6 months, 14 eyes (82.3%) in the treatment group and 6 eyes (42.8%) in the control group revealed a complete resolution in the subretinal fluid (p=0.02). In the treatment group, mean BCVA (LogMAR) significantly improved from 0.19±0.17 at baseline to 0.09±0.12 at 6 months (p=0.01). In the control group, mean BCVA (LogMAR) was 0.13±0.14 at baseline and decreased to 0.1±0.11 at 6 months (p=0.28). In the treatment group, mean CFT was 349±115 µm at baseline and significantly improved to 221±95 µm at 6 months (p<0.01). In the control group, mean CFT declined from 391±138 µm at baseline to 301±125 µm at 6 months (p=0.06). No treatment-related ocular or systemic side effects were observed. In conclusion, nepafenac 0.1% has the potential to treatment acute CSC. Further trials are warranted to study its safety and efficacy for this disease.