Treatment of real printing and packaging wastewater by combination of coagulation with Fenton and photo-Fenton processes.

Printing and packaging process wastewater (PPPW) with high flow rates causes severe damage to the environment due to high organic pollution (3830.0 mg O2/L of COD and 813.6 mg/L of TOC) and turbidity (9110 NTU). This study examined the efficiencies of coagulation, Fenton, and photo-Fenton procedures, and their combinations in the treatment of PPPW. The three inorganic salts (FeCl3, Al2(SO4)3, and Fe2(SO4)3) were used in a wide range of pH (2.5-10) as a coagulant, and FeCl3 was chosen as the optimum coagulant. The 71.3% of TOC removal and the decreasing of turbidity up to 5.8 NTU were obtained at 0.5 g/L FeCl3 and pH of 6.0. Then, Fenton and photo-Fenton processes were applied to the effluent of the coagulation process. The Fenton process engaged the TOC removal efficiencies up to 85.2% in the presence of 7.350 g/L iron catalysts and 36.0 mL/L H2O2. The combined coagulation and Fenton process is a promising way to decrease the COD up to 119 mg O2/L, meeting the wastewater discharge standards of COD (200 mg O2/L) in Turkey. However, adding UV sources to the Fenton process showed a little bit of engagement (only %1.4 extra removal). When evaluated for PPPW, it is seen that the usage of combined coagulation and the Fenton process is an important treatment alternative. Furthermore, Zeta potential measurements and size exclusion chromatography were used to understand the removal mechanism.

Recent progress on the phytotoxic effects of hydrochars and toxicity reduction approaches.

Hydrothermal carbonization of wet biomasses has been known to produce added-value materials for a wide range of applications. From catalyst substrates, to biofuels and soil amendments, hydrochars have distinct advantages to offer compared to conventional materials. With respect to the agricultural application of hydrochars, both positive and negative results have been reported. The presence of N, P and K in certain hydrochars is appealing and may contribute to the reduction of chemical fertilizer application. However, regardless of biomass, hydrothermal carbonization results in the production of phytotoxic organic compounds. Additionally, hydrochars from sewage sludge often contain heavy metal concentrations which exceed the regulatory limits set for agricultural use. This review critically discusses the phytotoxic aspects of hydrochar and provides an account of the substances commonly responsible for these. Furthermore, phytotoxicity reduction approaches are proposed and compared with each other, in view of field-scale applications.

Different metal-doped ZnS quantum dots photocatalysts for enhancing the permeability and antifouling performances of polysulfone membranes with and without UV irradiation.

In this study, the effect of three different transition metal ion dopants (Mn2+, Fe2+, and Co2+) on the characteristics of zinc sulfide (ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) was investigated and the obtained QDs photocatalysts were applied for the modification of polysulfone (PSf) mixed matrix membranes to reduce membrane fouling. The synthesized QDs and fabricated membranes were fully identified with SEM, TEM, AFM, FTIR analyses, and also underwent porosity and contact angle tests. Flux recovery ratios (FRR) significantly increased from 69.8% (bare) to 85.0% (1% Fe-doped ZnS QDs) after modification of membranes with metal-doped QDs. The contact angles of the prepared membranes decreased with doping of dissimilar metals, therefore hydrophilicity increased, and reversible/non-reversible blockages were improved. Besides, the use of UV irradiation during the washing of the membranes increased the FRR of the photocatalytic activated membranes to 91.2%. Compared to the bare PSf membrane in dye solution filtration, 1% Fe-doped ZnS QDs membrane yielded twice as much flux and 15% higher FRR results. Therefore, the results proved that metal-doped QDs can be used in the modification of PSf membranes with high efficiency.

High-performance carbon black electrode for oxygen reduction reaction and oxidation of atrazine by electro-Fenton process.

The aim of this study is to produce an electrode that can be used in H2O2 production and Electro-Fenton (EF) process by an effective, cheap, and easy method. For this reason, a superhydrophobic electrode with a higher PTFE ratio and high thickness was produced with a simple press. The produced electrode was used in the production of H2O2 and mineralization of Atrazine. First, the effect of pH, cathode voltage, and operation time on H2O2 production was evaluated. The maximum H2O2 concentration (409 mg/L), the highest current efficiency (99.80%), and the lowest electrical energy consumption (3.16 kWh/kg) were obtained at 0.8 V, 7.0 of pH, and 120 min, and the stability of the electrode was evaluated up to 720 min. Then, the effects of the operational conditions (pH, cathode voltage, operating time, and catalyst concentration) in electro-Fenton were evaluated. The fastest degradation of Atrazine (>99%) was obtained at 2.0 V, 3.0 of pH, and 0.3 mM of Fe2+ in 15 min. In the final part of the study, the degradation intermediates were identified, and the characterization of the electrode was evaluated by SEM, XRD, FT-IR, tensiometer, potentiostat, and elemental analyzer.

Demographic characteristics of pectus deformities across Turkey.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the demographic characteristics and familial inheritance of pectus deformities across Turkey. METHODS: Demographic characteristics of a total of 5,098 patients (5,028 males, 70 females, mean age 23.6 years; range, 1 to 56 years) with pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum admitted to our outpatient clinic between January 1996 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The distribution of the patients across the country was made according to seven regions and 81 provinces. Familial inheritance was investigated using patients" data obtained from the clinical records and telephone calls. RESULTS: Of all patients, 3,330 (65.3%) had pectus excavatum and 1,768 (34.7%) had pectus carinatum deformity with a pectus excavatum-to-pectus carinatum ratio of 1/1.9. In the Southeast Anatolia region, the rate of pectus excavatum was lower than the overall average and higher in the Marmara region (p=0.009 and p=0.037, respectively). In the Southeast Anatolia region, the rate of pectus carinatum was higher than the general average and lower in the Marmara region (p=0.001 and p=0.003, respectively). Kastamonu, Çankiri, Karabük, and Sinop were the most common provinces for pectus deformity cases. Family history was positive in 39% of pectus excavatum and 43% of pectus carinatum patients. All regions showed a similar distribution in terms of the presence of family history. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to report the distribution of pectus deformities in Turkey and the high frequency of pectus deformities in certain regions and provinces of Turkey indicates familial inheritance.

Right chylothorax after thoracic sympathicotomy: A very rare case.

Today, the most common indication for thoracic sympathectomy/ sympathicotomy is primary focal hyperhidrosis. The operation is performed thoracoscopically and usually the approach to the sympathetic chain is conducted through the third and fourth ribs. Although it is performed as a minimally invasive procedure with high success rates, there are also some common complications. In this article, we present a very rare case developing right chylothorax after right thoracic sympathicotomy.

Parathyroid adenoma upstaging the lung cancer.

Mediastinal staging of NSCLC with noninvasive methods such as PET/CT can be misleading when a mediastinal disease accompany. Histopathologic confirmation should be made before any treatment plan. Herein, we presented a case of parathyroid adenoma upstaging the lung cancer.