Systemic response of coated-platelet and peripheral blood inflammatory cell indices after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and long-term clinical outcome.

PURPOSE: Post-hemorrhage period after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has several systemic manifestations including prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory states. Inter-relationship between these states using established/routine laboratory biomarkers and its long-term effect on clinical outcome is not well-defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of prospective cohort of 44 aSAH patients. Trend of procoagulant biomarkers [coated-platelets, mean platelet volume to platelet count (MPV:PLT)] and peripheral inflammatory biomarkers [platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-platelet ratio (NLR)] were analyzed using regression analysis. Occurrence of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), modified Rankin score (mRS) of 3-6 and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) of <26 at 1-year defined adverse clinical outcome. RESULTS: Patients with worse mRS and MoCA score had higher rise in coated-platelet compared to those with better scores [20.4 (IQR: 15.6, 32.9) vs. 10.95 (IQR: 6.1, 18.9), p = 0.003] and [16.9 (IQR: 13.4, 28.1) vs. 10.95 (IQR: 6.35, 18.65), p = 0.02] respectively. NLR and PLR trends showed significant initial decline followed by a gradual rise in NLR among those without DCI as compared to persistent low levels in those developing DCI (0.13 units/day vs. -0.07 units/day, p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Coated-platelet rise after aSAH is associated with adverse long-term clinical outcome. NLR and PLR trends show an early immune-depressed state after aSAH.