Wastewater treatment with algal based membrane bioreactor for the future: Removing emerging containments.

The difficulty of developing pollutants in aquatic ecosystems and their potential effects on animals and plants have been raised. Sewage effluent can seriously harm a river's plant and animal life by reducing the water's oxygen content. Due to their increasing use and poor elimination in traditional municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), pharmaceuticals are one of the developing pollutants that have the potential to penetrate aquatic ecosystems. Due to undigested pharmaceuticals and their metabolites, which constitute a significant class of potentially hazardous aquatic pollutants. Using an algae-based membrane bioreactor (AMBR), the primary objective of this research was to eliminate emerging contaminants (ECs) identified in municipal wastewater. The first part of this research covers the basics of growing algae, an explanation of how they work, and how they remove ECs. Second, it develops the membrane in the wastewater, explains its workings, and uses the membrane to remove ECs. Finally, an algae-based membrane bioreactor for removing ECs is examined. As a result, daily algal production using AMBR technology might range from 50 to 100 mg/Liter. These kinds of machines are capable of nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies of 30-97% and 46-93%, respectively.

SARS-CoV-2 removal by mix matrix membrane: A novel application of artificial neural network based simulation in MATLAB for evaluating wastewater reuse risks.

The COVID-19 outbreak led to the discovery of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage; thus, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could have the virus in their effluent. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 is eradicated by sewage treatment is virtually unknown. Specifically, the objectives of this study include (i) determining whether a mixed matrixed membrane (MMM) is able to remove SARS-CoV-2 (polycarbonate (PC)-hydrous manganese oxide (HMO) and PC-silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP)), (ii) comparing filtration performance among different secondary treatment processes, and (iii) evaluating whether artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be employed as performance indicators to reduce SARS-CoV-2 in the treatment of sewage. At Shariati Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, secondary treatment effluent during the outbreak of COVID-19 was collected from a WWTP. There were two PC-Ag-NP and PC-HMO processes at the WWTP targeted. RT-qPCR was employed to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage fractions. For the purposes of determining SARS-CoV-2 prevalence rates in the treated effluent, 10 L of effluent specimens were collected in middle-risk and low-risk treatment MMMs. For PC-HMO, the log reduction value (LRV) for SARS-CoV-2 was 1.3-1 log10 for moderate risk and 0.96-1 log10 for low risk, whereas for PC-Ag-NP, the LRV was 0.99-1.3 log10 for moderate risk and 0.94-0.98 log10 for low risk. MMMs demonstrated the most robust absorption performance during the sampling period, with the least significant LRV recorded in PC-Ag-NP and PC-HMO at 0.94 log10 and 0.96 log10, respectively.

A comprehensive review of various approaches for treatment of tertiary wastewater with emerging contaminants: what do we know?

In the last few decades, environmental contaminants (ECs) have been introduced into the environment at an alarming rate. There is a risk to human health and aquatic ecosystems from trace levels of emerging contaminants, including hospital wastewater (HPWW), cosmetics, personal care products, endocrine system disruptors, and their transformation products. Despite the fact that these pollutants have been introduced or detected relatively recently, information about their characteristics, actions, and impacts is limited, as are the technologies to eliminate them efficiently. A wastewater recycling system is capable of providing irrigation water for crops and municipal sewage treatment, so removing ECs before wastewater reuse is essential. Water treatment processes containing advanced ions of biotic origin and ECs of biotic origin are highly recommended for contaminants. This study introduces the fundamentals of the treatment of tertiary wastewater, including membranes, filtration, UV (ultraviolet) irradiation, ozonation, chlorination, advanced oxidation processes, activated carbon (AC), and algae. Next, a detailed description of recent developments and innovations in each component of the emerging contaminant removal process is provided.