RESUMO
Neuroradiological findings are presented of 19 patients with the northern epilepsy syndrome, a recessively inherited childhood epilepsy with associated mental deterioration. The first signs of cerebellar-brainstem atrophy already appeared in young adulthood, with atrophy tending to increase with age. Findings of cerebral atrophy were detected later: four of the seven patients under 30 years of age displayed central or cortical atrophy, while all 12 patients over 30 were affected. The degree of mental deterioration correlated well with the severity of cerebral atrophy. One half of the patients with either central or cortical atrophy were moderately to severely retarded, whereas all patients with both central and cortical atrophy were moderately to profoundly retarded.
Assuntos
Tronco Encefálico/patologia , Cerebelo/patologia , Córtex Cerebral/patologia , Epilepsia/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adolescente , Adulto , Atrofia , Criança , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Genes Recessivos , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/diagnóstico , Inteligência/genética , Inteligência/fisiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exame NeurológicoRESUMO
A randomized, double-blind study was carried out in 300 consecutive coronary angiography examinations to investigate the clinical safety of three low osmolar contrast media, iohexol 300, ioxaglate 320 and iopamidol 300, and the electrocardiographic changes that occurred with them. The ECG from electrode V5/V6 or AVF and intra-arterial pressure were monitored continuously, and recorded before and after the first contrast injections into the left and right coronary arteries. Of the variables tested, no statistically significant changes occurred in systolic arterial pressure, PR interval or ventricular extrasystole. The QT interval increased in the ioxaglate group (p = 0.001). Heart rate decreased in all groups, but slightly less in the ioxaglate group than in the iopamidol group (p = 0.02). The ST segment depression (mean 0.67m) was more marked in the ioxaglate group than in the other treatment groups (p = 0.0001) during right coronary angiography. The same characteristics, but less marked, were observed during left coronary angiography, the ioxaglate group (mean 0.251mm) differing from the iopamidol group (mean 0.050mm) (p = 0.04). No significant difference in severe adverse reactions were detected between these groups (ioxaglate 1, iopamidol 1). Ioxaglate produced mild side effects (nausea, vomitus, urticaria) in 16% of the patients, the other two contrast agents producing side effects in 1%.
