[Calculation of intraocular lens power in non-standard clinical situations].

Methods of intraocular lens (IOL) calculation in non-standard clinical situations have been developed and introduced. These include a formula that improves the calculation accuracy in patients with relatively short anterior-posterior axis and another method for eyes after previous radial keratotomy. A comparative clinical evaluation of the proposed methods has been performed. The results indicate good perspectives for their use in ocular surgery.

[A comparative evaluation of astigmatic neutrality of 5 mm self-sealing tunnel incision of different types]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka astigmaticheskoi netral'nosti razlichnykh vidov tonnel'nykh samogermetiziruiushchikhsia razrezov protiazhennost'iu 5 mm.

The impact produced by incisions of 2 examined types on the corneal refraction was studied in 40 patients (40 eyes) shared between 2 groups according to an incision type. 5 mm tunnel self-sealing incisions of 2 types, i.e. temporal corneal one longer by 3 mm, and upper linear sclerocorneal one stabilized by horizontal suture, were made use of. The obtained refraction was evaluated on week 1 and then in 1 and 3 months after surgery. Group 1 (surgical approach: 5 mm linear sclerocorneal tunnel incision): the mean value of induced astigmatism made 0.68 D during the initial 3 postoperative days, 0.62 D in 1 month after surgery and 0.73 D in 3 months after surgery. Group 2 (surgical approach: 5 mm temporal corneal tunnel incision): the above value made 1.1 D during the initial 3 postoperative days, 0.7 D in one month after surgery and 0.52 D in 3 months.

[Possibilities of prophylaxis of the induced "suture" astigmatism in cataract extraction]. / Vozmozhnosti profilaktiki indutsirovannogo "shovnogo" astigmatizma pri ékstraktsii katarakty.

Due to a number of reasons, the traditional methods of cataract extraction, i.e. through 8-12 mm limbic incisions, are still widely used in the clinical practice. A frequent occurrence of a high postoperative astigmatism, even if the operation is successful, is the main shortcoming of different variations of the traditional method of cataract extraction. Possibilities of how to neutralize the induced "suture-like" corneal astigmatism were investigated in this study by using two methods: A. a modified technique of applying a continuous corneal Pirs' suture with elements of an accentuated impact in the projection of the horizontal meridian. B. Meridian keratorraphia--application, in the cornea, of an additional compensatory suture in the projection of the horizontal meridian. Studies were made in two groups of patients after extracapsular cataract extraction (ECE) with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation--a total of 30 patients, 30 eyes. The main group was divided into two subgroups--A and B--(10 patients and 10 eye in each) in accordance with a used method of compensating the induced astigmatism. 10 patients were in the control group. A comparative evaluation of changes of a degree of the original astigmatism, which occurred under the influence of the sealing suture, showed that the parameters of induced astigmatism in the control group essentially and reliably (p < 0.001) exceeded the similar parameters registered in both subgroups of the main group; finally, the efficiency of method B in respect to neutralizing the "suture" astigmatism out did the possibilities of method A (p < 0.01).

[General status of patients before dental treatment]. / Obshchee sostoianie bol'nykh pered lecheniem u stomatologa.

Arterial pressure (AP), heart rate, and stress index (estimated by ECG) were measured in 20 patients several minutes before dental treatment. Systolic AP was normal in 56% patients (mainly elderly), diastolic was normal in 50.5% and increased in 36% (particularly so in elderly patients). Heart rats was normal in 33% patients, the rest had bradycardia (6%) or tachycardia (61%); the latter condition was more typical of young patients and was paralleled by high systolic AP. 10.5% patients had normal stress index and in 87.5% it was increased, indicating extreme stress of the sympathoadrenal system. All 4 parameters were normal in 3.5% patients, half of whom were youths aged under 20 years. 10.5% examinees had three normal parameters, 32.5% had two normal parameters, and 37.5% had one normal parameters; 16% examinees had all parameters beyond the threshold values. The authors point to the double hazard of such a state (possible complications and decreased pain sensitivity) and emphasize the need in preventive measures to correct the general status of patients.