Cefixime loaded bare and functionalized halloysite nanocarriers and their biomedical applications.

Effective drug delivery for is the foremost requirement for the complete recovery of the disease. Nanomedicine and nanoengineering has provided so many spaces and ideas for the drug delivery design, whether controlled, targeted, or sustained. Different types of nanocarriers or nanoparticles are aggressively designed for the drug delivery applications. Clay minerals are identified as a one of the potential nanocarrier for the drug delivery. Owing to their biocompatibility and very low cytotoxicity, clay minerals showing effective therapeutic applications. In the present investigation, clay mineral, i.e., Halloysite nano tubes are utilized as a nanocarrier for the delivery of antibiotic cefixime (CFX), a third-generation cephalosporin. The HNT was first functionalized with the sulfuric acid and then further treated with the 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). The drug is loaded on three different classifications of HNTs, i.e., Bare-CFX-HNT, Acid-CFX-HNT, and APTES-CFX-HNT and their comparative analysis is established. Different characterization techniques such as X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), Transmission electron microscopy TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), adsorption studies, and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed to evaluate their chemical, structural, morphological, and thermal properties. TGA confirmed the encapsulation efficiency of Bare-CFX-HNT, Acid-CFX-HNT, and APTES-CFX-HNT as 42.65, 52.19, and 53.43%, respectively. Disk diffusion and MTT assay confirmed that the drug loaded HNTs have potential antibacterial activities and less cytotoxicity. The adsorption capacity of CFX with different HNTs are evaluated and Different adsorption and kinetic models have been discussed. Drug release studies shows that APTES-CFX-HNT showing sustained release of cefixime as compared to Bare-CFX-HNT and Acid-CFX-HNT.

Zn salts incorporated polyurethane/polyacrylonitrile electrospinning fiber membrane for high porosity polymer electrolyte in Zn ion battery.

So far, a large variety of polymer molecule architectures have been explored in the electrolyte field. Polymer electrolytes have gathered research efforts as an interesting alternative to conventional liquid electrolytes due to their advantages of low probability of leakage and low volatility of liquid solvent, lightweight, flexibility, inertness, high durability, and thermal stability. In this work, a polymer electrolyte developed from a polyurethane/polyacrylonitrile (PU/PAN) electrospinning fiber membrane was added with different zinc (Zn) salts, namely, Zn(CH3CO2)2, ZnSO4, and Zn(OTf)2. The samples with the Zn salt presented many different properties; especially, the high Zn(OTf)2 sample showed gradually bundle morphology in its structure. Characterization revealed improved properties in contact angle, water uptake, and thermal resistance. Namely, the 15 wt% Zn(OTf)2) sample exhibited an outstandingly high ionic conductivity of 3.671 mS cm-1, which is 10 times higher than that of the neat PU/PAN membrane.

Optimization of rapid self-healing and self-adhesive gluten/guar gum crosslinked gel for strain sensors and electronic devices.

In this study, a smart strain sensor based on gluten/guar gum (GG) copolymer containing a combination of additives was developed. The mix proportions of strain sensors were designed using Taguchi method coupled with Grey relational analysis. L16 orthogonal array with three factors, viz. tannic acid (TA), glycerol and sodium chloride (NaCl) at four-levels each was optimized. The addition of TA substantially enhanced tensile strength, self-adhesion ability and conductivity. The self-adhesion ability could also be improved by adding NaCl in range of 0-5 wt%. The presence of glycerol in strain sensors could reduce the self-healing time which was found in the range of 28.75-150 s. In addition, the incorporation of glycerol into gel also improved stretchability of strain sensors. The best mix proportion of strain sensor was found to be 3.75 wt% TA, 30 vol% glycerol and 5 wt% NaCl. The best mixture of stain sensor showed the highest gauge factor (GF) of 0.61 % at a stretchability of 665 % and rapid self-healing at 70 s. This strain sensor could be applied to monitor human limb movements in a wide temperature range from -20 °C to 50 °C. Furthermore, the obtained gel was successfully used as electronic devices and self-powered sensors.

Development of eco-friendly antifungal and antibacterial adhesive derived from modified cassava starch waste/polyvinyl alcohol containing green synthesized nano-silver.

Environmentally friendly biopolymer-based wood adhesives are an inevitable trend of wood product development to replace the use of harmful formaldehyde-based adhesives. In this research, a new eco-friendly modified cassava starch waste-based adhesive via carboxymethylation (CMS), and blending with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), tannic acid (TA) and green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was prepared. The effects of TA content on green synthesis of AgNPs (Ag-TA) and bio-adhesive nanocomposite properties were investigated. The use of 5 wt% TA for AgNPs synthesis (Ag-TA-5) resulted in a uniform particle size distribution. The plywood prepared with Ag-TA-5 provided the highest dry and wet shear strength at 1.95 ± 0.11 MPa and 1.38 ± 0.3 MPa, respectively. The water absorption and thickness swelling of this plywood remarkably decreased up to 10.99% and 6.79%, respectively. More importantly, the presence of Ag-TA in CMS/PVA adhesive successfully inhibited the invasion of mold and bacteria. Based on the cyclic delamination test, the adhesive bond durability of bio-adhesive containing Ag-TA-5 could meet the requirement of the AITC Test T110-2007 and was comparable to commercial adhesives. The added advantage of the prepared bio-adhesive was its synthesis from agro-waste products and possible economically viable production at industrial level.

Green synthesis of nano silver-embedded carboxymethyl starch waste/poly vinyl alcohol hydrogel with photothermal sterilization and pH-responsive behavior.

Bacterial wound infections remain a significant health issue of great concern. Hence, there is a need to develop a novel material with antibacterial properties and smart functions. In this study, the effects of silver nanoparticles content (AgNPs) on properties of photothermal and pH-responsive nanocomposite hydrogels were investigated. The nanocomposite hydrogel samples were prepared using cassava starch waste modified by carboxymethylation (CMS), and mixed with poly vinly alcohol (PVA) and tannic acid (TA). The presence of AgNPs in the hydrogel samples enhanced antibacterial activities and photothermal conversion ability. The use of as-prepared hydrogel using 200 mM silver nitrate (H-AgNPs-200) combined with near infrared (NIR) radiation produced 100 % antibacterial efficiency for Escherichia coli (E.coli) and 98.2 % for Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). Furthermore, the H-AgNPs-200 also provided the highest storage modulus at 8.78 kPa. The obtained nanocomposite hydrogel was shown to exhibit pH-responsive release of TA. Under NIR radiation, higher release of TA at different pH was observed. The cytotoxicity study indicated that the nanocomposite hydrogels had good biocompatibility. Hence, the development of nanocomposite hydrogel-based CMS from cassava starch waste/PVA/AgNPs is a promising and sustainable approach where agro-waste product is used as the base material for medical application in wound dressing.

High performance filtration membranes from electrospun poly (3-hydroxybutyrate)-based fiber membranes for fine particulate protection.

PM2.5 (particulate matter with a size of <2.5 µm) pollution has become a critical issue owing to its adverse health effects, including bronchitis, pneumonopathy, and cardiovascular diseases. Globally, around 8.9 million premature casualties related to exposure to PM2.5 were reported. Face masks are the only option that may restrict exposure to PM2.5. In this study, a PM2.5 dust filter was developed via the electrospinning technique using the poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) biopolymer. Smooth and continuous fibers without beads were formed. The PHB membrane was further characterized, and the effects of the polymer solution concentration, applied voltage, and needle-to-collector distance were analyzed via the design of experiments technique, with three factors and three levels. The concentration of the polymer solution had the most significant effect on the fiber size and the porosity. The fiber diameter increased with increasing concentration, but decreases the porosity. The sample with a fiber diameter of ∼600 nm exhibited a higher PM2.5 filtration efficiency than the samples with a diameter of 900 nm, according to an ASTM F2299-based test. The PHB fiber mats fabricated at a concentration of 10%w/v, applied voltage of 15 kV, and needle tip-to-collector distance of 20 cm exhibited a high filtration efficiency of 95% and a pressure drop of <5 mmH2O/cm2. The tensile strength of the developed membranes ranged from 2.4 to 5.01 MPa, higher than those of the mask filters available in the market. Therefore, the prepared electrospun PHB fiber mats have great potential for the manufacture of PM2.5 filtration membranes.

Controllability, antiproliferative activity, Ag+ release, and flow behavior of silver nanoparticles deposited onto cellulose nanocrystals.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (Ag-cCNC) from Eucalyptus pulp were prepared using a three-step process. The cCNC were synthesized by oxidation of CNC from Eucalyptus pulp with ammonium persulfate, followed by a hydrothermal reaction to form Ag-cCNC. The Ag-cCNC was then characterized with respect to Ag+ release, flow behavior, and anticancer activity for potential applications in biomedicine and drug delivery. AgNPs with particle sizes in the range of 16.25 ± 7.83 to 21.84 ± 7.21 nm were uniformly embedded on the surface of the cCNC. The Ag-cCNC exhibited a slow and controllable release of Ag+ at a rate of 0.02 % per day for 28 days. Ag+ release was best described by the Korsmeyer-Peppas model based on non-Fickian diffusion. The Ag-cCNC at 200 µg/mL exerted antiproliferative activity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with 1.01 % ± 0.35 % cell viability and was non-toxic against normal Vero cells with 90 % viability. In contrast, the chemotherapeutic drug melphalan exhibited cytotoxic effects against both MCF-7 and Vero cells. The Ag-cCNC samples showed shear thinning properties with a pseudoplastic fluid behavior, indicating that Ag-cCNCs are suitable for drug delivery by injection.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extract of spent coffee used for paper-based hydrogen peroxide sensing device.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has attracted considerable attention for use as a disinfectant ingredient for various applications over the decades. The use of H2O2 within the safety regulations can avoid its toxicity to human health and the environment. In this study, a paper-based sensor containing green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (P-AgNPs) was developed for use in a smartphone in the determination of the H2O2 concentration. In the synthesis process, an extract of spent coffee grounds was used as a bioreducing agent. The effects of reaction time and silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentration on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were investigated. The optimum conditions for the preparation of P-AgNPs were determined to be 100 mM AgNO3 (P-AgNPs-100) and 15 h synthesis time. The P-AgNPs-100 sensor exhibited high sensitivity with a detection limit of 1.26 mM H2O2, which might be suitable for the detection of H2O2-based household and beverage sanitizers. The H2O2 detection capability of P-AgNPs-100 was comparable to that of a commercial strip sensor. Furthermore, P-AgNPs-100 had a detection efficiency of more than 95% after long-term storage for 100 days.

High electrolyte uptake of MXene integrated membrane separators for Zn-ion batteries.

The recent development of separators with high flexibility, high electrolyte uptake, and ionic conductivity for batteries have gained considerable attention. However, studies on composite separators with the aforementioned properties for aqueous electrolytes in Zn-ion batteries are limited. In this research, a polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/bio-based polyurethane (PU)/Ti3C2Tx MXene composite membrane was fabricated using an electrospinning technique. Ti3C2 MXene was embedded in fibers and formed a spindle-like structure. With Ti3C2Tx MXene, the electrolyte uptake and ionic conductivity reached the superior values of 2214% and 3.35 × 10-3 S cm-1, respectively. The composite membrane presented an excellent charge-discharge stability when assembled in a Zn//Zn symmetrical battery. Moreover, the developed separator exhibited a high flexibility and no dimensional and structural changes after heat treatment, which resulted in the high-performance separator for the Zn-ion battery. Overall, the PAN/bio-based PU/Ti3C2Tx MXene composite membrane can be potentially used as a high-performance separator for Zn-ion batteries.

Tailoring the phosphorus release from biochar-based fertilizers: role of magnesium or calcium addition during co-pyrolysis.

The presence of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) in biochar-based fertilizers is linked to the slow release of phosphorus (P), but these alkali metals have not been systematically compared under identical conditions. In this study, sugarcane filter cake was treated with H3PO4 and MgO or CaO followed by pyrolysis at 600 °C to produce a Mg/P-rich biochar (MgPA-BC) and a Ca/P-rich biochar (CaPA-BC), respectively. The P-loaded biochars were studied by extraction and kinetic release in water over 240 hours to assess the potential P availability. X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the pristine and post-kinetics biochars to identify the responsible phases for phosphate release. Additionally, the dissolved P concentrations in the kinetic release experiment were compared to thermodynamic solubility calculations of common Mg and Ca phosphates. Both MgPA-BC and CaPA-BC had P loadings of 73-74 g kg-1 but showed distinctly different release behaviors. Phosphate dissolution from MgPA-BC was gradual and reached 10 g P per kg biochar after 240 hours, with rate-determining phases being Mg2P2O7 (Mg pyrophosphate), MgNH4PO4·6H2O (struvite), and Mg3(PO4)2·22H2O (cattiite). In contrast, CaPA-BC only released 1.2 g P per kg biochar. Phosphate release from CaPA-BC was limited by the low solubility of Ca2P2O7 (Ca pyrophosphate) and (Ca,Mg)3(PO4)2 (whitlockite). Co-pyrolysis with MgO retained P in a more soluble and available form than CaO, making MgO a preferential additive over CaO to immobilize phytoavailable P in biochar-based fertilizers with higher fertilizer effectiveness.

Green-synthesized silver nanoparticle coating on paper for antibacterial and antiviral applications.

The use of active packaging has attracted considerable attention over recent years to prevent and decrease the risk of bacterial and viral infection. Thus, this work aims to develop active packaging using a paper coated with green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Effects of different silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentrations, viz. 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM (AgNPs-50, AgNPs-100, AgNPs-150, and AgNPs-200, respectively), on green synthesis of AgNPs and coated paper properties were investigated. A bio-reducing agent from mangosteen peel extract (ex-Garcinia mangostana (GM)) and citric acid as a crosslinking agent for a starch/polyvinyl alcohol matrix were also used in the synthetic process. The presence of AgNPs, ex-GM, and citric acid indicated the required synergistic antibacterial activities for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The paper coated with AgNPs-150 showed complete inactivation of virus within 1 min. Water resistance and tensile strength of paper improved when being coated with AgNPs-150. The tensile strength of the coated paper was found to be in the same range as that of a common packaging paper. Result revealed that the obtained paper coated with AgNPs was proven to be effective in antibacterial and antiviral activities; hence, it could be used as an active packaging material for items that require manual handling by a number of people.

Facile fabrication of green synthesized silver-decorated magnetic particles for coating of bioactive packaging.

To avoid bacterial and viral infections on food products, the use of antibacterial and antiviral packaging offers great benefit to the food industry. In this study, the coating of paper packaging with silver-decorated magnetic particles (Ag@Fe3O4) was developed. The Ag@Fe3O4 was prepared by a facile and environmentally friendly method using extracted spent coffee grounds (ex-SCG). The effects of Ag@Fe3O4 content on properties of coated paper were investigated. The overall properties of coated paper improved when the Ag@Fe3O4 content increased up to 0.15%w/v. An increase in tensile strength of 154.01% and a decrease in water vapor permeability of 48.50% were found in coated paper with 0.15%w/v Ag@Fe3O4. Furthermore, the coated paper also exhibited the synergistic effect on antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The release of metal ions in food simulants and kinetic release parameters were also studied. The release of silver ions and ferrous ions in food simulants met the requirement of overall migration limit of the European Standard. The paper coated with 0.15%w/v Ag@Fe3O4 had better capabilities to maintain quality and extend shelf-life of tomatoes. The obtained Ag@Fe3O4 coated paper is promising for bioactive food packaging to retain food freshness. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10570-022-04636-0.

Multi-Responsive Optimization of Novel pH-Sensitive Hydrogel Beads Based on Basil Seed Mucilage, Alginate, and Magnetic Particles.

Conventional drug delivery systems often cause side effects and gastric degradation. Novel drug delivery systems must be developed to decrease side effects and increase the efficacy of drug delivery. This research aimed to fabricate hydrogel beads for use as a drug delivery system based on basil seed mucilage (BSM), sodium alginate (SA), and magnetic particles (MPs). The Taguchi method and Grey relational analysis were used for the design and optimization of the hydrogel beads. Three factors, including BSM, SA, and MPs at four levels were designed by L-16 orthogonal arrays. BSM was the main factor influencing bead swelling, drug release rate at pH 7.4, and release of antioxidants at pH 1.2 and 7.4. In addition, SA and MPs mainly affected drug loading and drug release rate in acidic medium, respectively. Grey relational analysis indicated that the composition providing optimal overall properties was 0.2 vol% BSM, 0.8 vol% SA, and 2.25 vol% MPs. Based on the findings of this work, BSM/SA/MPs hydrogel beads have the potential to be used as a pH-sensitive alternative material for drug delivery in colon-specific systems.

High electrochemical and mechanical performance of zinc conducting-based gel polymer electrolytes.

Zinc ionic conducting-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) were fabricated from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and three different zinc salts in a mass ratio ranging within 0-30 wt%. The effects of zinc salt and loading level on the structure, thermal, mechanical, mechanical stability, and morphological properties, as well as electrochemical properties of the GPEs films, were symmetrically investigated. The mechanical properties and mechanical stability of CMC were improved with the addition of zinc acetate, zinc sulphate, and zinc triflate, approaching the minimum requirement of a solid state membrane for battery. The maximum ionic conductivity of 2.10 mS cm-1 was achieved with the addition of 15 wt% zinc acetate (ZnA), GPEA15. The supported parameters, indicating the presence of the amorphous region that likely supported Zn2+ movement in the CMC chains, were clearly revealed with the increase in the number of mobile Zn2+ carriers in FT-IR spectra and the magnitude of ionic transference number, the decrease of the enthalpy of fusion in DSC thermogram, and the shifting to lower intensity of 2θ in XRD pattern. The developed CMC/ZnA complex-based GPEs are very promising for their high ionic conductivity as well as good mechanical properties and the ability for long-term utilization in a zinc ion battery.

Entrapment of nano-ZnO into alginate/polyvinyl alcohol beads with different crosslinking ions for fertilizer applications.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) are attractive as fertilizer materials but high concentrations may negatively affect the environment. To reduce their dispersion in the environment we entrapped nano-ZnO in biodegradable polymer beads consisting of alginate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The alginate/PVA/ZnO beads were prepared via ionotropic gelation using two different crosslinking ions (Ca2+ and Zn2+), and the effect of alginate crosslinking ion and PVA content on bead structure, water absorption, water retention and zinc release was investigated. The pure CaAlg and ZnAlg beads demonstrated a poor water absorption and retention, which were strongly enhanced by the incorporation of PVA into the beads. The continuous Zn release was measured in a sand column, and it was found that the Zn-crosslinked beads rapidly released high concentrations of Zn followed by a more gradual Zn release, whereas Ca alginates showed only a gradual Zn release. The Zn dissolution kinetics could be tuned by the crosslinking ion composition. The prepared nano-ZnO-containing alginate/PVA beads may be attractive for Zn fertilizer applications under water-limited conditions.

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of anthocyanins and bioactive compounds from butterfly pea petals using Taguchi method and Grey relational analysis.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to extract anthocyanins, antioxidants and phenolic compounds from butterfly pea petals, as an alternative to traditional methods. Taguchi method with three factors: extraction time (30, 45, 60 min), temperature (40, 60, 80 °C) and liquid-solid ratio (5, 7.5, 10 mL distilled water/mg butterfly pea) was used to obtain the high extraction yield. Grey relational analysis was employed to convert multi-response problem into single response optimization. The high extraction efficiency could be achieved at optimal parameter condition using 45 min of extraction time, 40 °C and 10 ml distilled water/mg butterfly pea. Liquid-solid ratio exhibited the highest contribution for anthocyanin and total phenolic content. A high temperature of ultrasonication resulted in a negative effect on antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. The findings from this study indicated that the UAE process optimization would be an efficient and sustainable method for the preparation of bioactive compounds from medical plants with saving of reaction time and cost in which extraction yields of antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content were also increased. The color response analysis results suggested that the gelatin film incorporated with butterfly pea extract can be potentially used as pH-indicator for detecting food spoilage for intelligent packaging.

Synthesis of nanocomposite hydrogel based carboxymethyl starch/polyvinyl alcohol/nanosilver for biomedical materials.

Treatment of infections using wound dressing integrated with multiple functions such as antibacterial activity, non-toxicity, and good mechanical properties has attracted much attention. In this study, carboxymethyl starch/polyvinyl alcohol/citric acid (CMS/PVA/CA) hydrogels containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared. The CMS, PVA and CA were used as polymer matrix and bio-based reducing agents for green synthesis of AgNPs. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 mM were used to obtain nanocomposite hydrogels containing different AgNPs concentrations (AgNPs-50, AgNPs-100 and AgNPs-150, respectively). The minimum inhibitory concentration against E. coli and S. aureus was observed in CMS/PVA/CA hydrogels containing AgNPs-50. Uniform dispersion of AgNPs-100 in the hydrogel provided the highest storage modulus at 56.4 kPa. AgNPs-loaded hydrogels showed low toxicity to human fibroblast cells indicating good biocompatibility. Incorporation of AgNPs demonstrated an enhancement in antibacterial properties and overall mechanical properties, which makes these nanocomposite hydrogels attractive as novel wound dressing materials.

Properties enhancement of carboxymethyl cellulose with thermo-responsive polymer as solid polymer electrolyte for zinc ion battery.

A novel polymer host from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAM) was developed for a high safety solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) in a zinc ion battery. Effects of the PNiPAM loading level in the range of 0-40% by weight ( wt%) on the chemical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the CMC/PNiPAMx films (where x is the wt% of PNiPAM) were symmetrically investigated. The obtained CMC/PNiPAMx films showed a high compatibility between the polymers. The CMC/PNiPAM20 blend showed the greatest tensile strength and modulus at 37.9 MPa and 2.1 GPa, respectively. Moreover, the thermal degradation of CMC was retarded by the addition of PNiPAM. Scanning electron microscopy images of CMC/PNiPAM20 revealed a porous structure that likely supported Zn2+ movement in the SPEs containing zinc triflate, resulting in the high Zn2+ ion transference number (0.56) and ionic conductivity (1.68 × 10-4 S cm-1). Interestingly, the presence of PNiPAM in the CMC/PNiPAMx blends showed a greater stability during charge-discharge cyclic tests, indicating the ability of PNiPAM to suppress dendrite formation from causing a short circuit. The developed CMC/PNiPAM20 based SPE is a promising material for high ionic conductivity and stability in a Zn ion battery.

Reconfigurable Shape Memory and Self-Welding Properties of Epoxy Phenolic Novolac/Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Composites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes.

Conventional shape memory polymers (SMPs) can memorize their permanent shapes. However, these SMPs cannot reconfigure their original shape to obtain a desirable geometry owing to permanent chemically or physically crosslinked networks. To overcome this limitation, novel SMPs that can be reconfigured via bond exchange reactions (BERs) have been developed. In this study, polymer composites consisting of epoxy phenolic novolac (EPN) and bio-based cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared. The obtained composites exhibited shape memory and self-welding properties, and their shapes could be reconfigured via BERs. Their shape memory mechanisms were investigated using variable-temperature Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis. The EPN/CNSL composite containing 0.3 wt % CNTs showed the highest shape fixity and shape recovery ratio. Furthermore, shape memory behavior induced by irradiation of near-infrared (NIR) light was also observed. All samples showed high shape recovery ratios of nearly 100% over five cycles, and increasing the CNT content shortened the recovery time remarkably. The ability of shape reconfiguration and stress relaxation affected the photo-induced shape memory properties of reshaped samples. Additionally, the self-welding properties were also influenced by stress relaxation. The hindrance of stress relaxation caused by the CNTs resulted in a decrease in adhesive fracture energy (Gc). However, the Gc values of EPN/CNSL composites were comparable to those of epoxy vitrimers. These results revealed that the material design concepts of thermal- and photo-induced shape memory, shape reconfiguration, and self-welding were combined in the EPN/CNSL composites, which could be feasible method for advanced smart material applications.