Assuntos
Agranulocitose/induzido quimicamente , Agranulocitose/genética , Povo Asiático/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 12/genética , Clozapina/efeitos adversos , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Antipsicóticos/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Humanos , Japão , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genéticaAssuntos
Hiponatremia/tratamento farmacológico , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Sede/efeitos dos fármacos , Ureia/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Adulto , Humanos , Hiponatremia/sangue , Hiponatremia/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esquizofrenia/sangue , Esquizofrenia/complicações , Síndrome , Sede/fisiologia , Ureia/sangueRESUMO
We evaluated the effect of antipsychotic dose-reduction on the neurocognitive function of 17 schizophrenic patients (11 male and 6 female, mean age=42.4+/-11.3) who have been taking high-doses of multiple conventional antipsychotics. The mean (+/-SD) of total daily antipsychotic doses (in mg/day, chlorpromazine-equivalent) was 2,253 (+/-668) at baseline, which was reduced to 1,315 (+/-276). Possible changes in neurocognitive function were assessed using Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) and continuous performance test (CPT). As controls, we examined WCST and CPT in 6 schizophrenic patients (4 male and 2 female, mean age=47.7+/-14.2) who had been taking high-doses of multiple antipsychotics (mean daily antipsychotic dose=1,753+/-165 mg) and declined to change their antipsychotic regimen. In WCST, the mean number of total correct answers significantly increased (53.2+/-16.3 vs. 63.8+/-19.6, P=0.035, Wilcoxon signed rank test); perseverative errors significantly decreased (54.4+/-27.3 vs. 35.4+/-20.1, P=0.013, Wilcoxon signed rank test) after the antipsychotic dose-reduction. In contrast, the control group showed no significant difference between the two WCST performances conducted with a three-month interval. The improvements in WCST performance significantly correlated with the decreases in PANSS negative syndrome score in the subject patients. No significant change was observed in CPT performances in either group. Our preliminary data shows that, in schizophrenic patients taking high-doses of multiple conventional antipsychotics, dose-reduction might lead to improvements in cognitive functions.
Assuntos
Antipsicóticos/administração & dosagem , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Adulto , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Desempenho Psicomotor/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The effect of risperidone on polydipsia-hyponatremia was evaluated in six hospitalized schizophrenic patients. The normalized diurnal weight gain (NDWG), urine-specific gravity (USG), urine and plasma osmolarity, and serum sodium were monitored during 9 months of risperidone treatment. The dose of risperidone (mean +/- SD=8.0 +/- 1.0, range=6-9 mg/day) was determined as approximately half of the haloperidol-equivalent dose of previous neuroleptics. Before risperidone treatment, the mean (+/- SD) BPRS score was 23.5 +/- 7.1; no significant improvement was observed after risperidone (22.0 +/- 7.5). The subjects showed relatively high serum prolactin before risperidone treatment (mean +/- SD=16.5 +/- 9.7 ng/mL), that was not significantly decreased by risperidone (14.2 +/- 7.9 ng/mL). The monthly means (+/- SD) of NDWG and USG before risperidone were 5.5 +/- 1.5 (%) and 1.002 +/- 0.001, respectively. These and other indices did not significantly improve throughout the study period. Although the sample size is relatively small, our preliminary data showed that risperidone might not be effective on polydipsia-hyponatremia of schizophrenic patients.