RESUMO
On-farm soybean yield has increased considerably in the last 50 years in southern Brazil, but there is still little information about how selection and breeding for yield increase has changed the agronomic attributes of cultivars. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the changes in soybean yield, seed oil and protein concentration, and changes in plant attributes that might be associated with yield improvement of 26 soybean cultivars released over the past 50 years in southern Brazil, sown simultaneously in a common field environment for two growing seasons. The average rate of yield gain was 45.9 kg ha-1 yr-1 (2.1% ha-1 yr-1), mainly due increased seed number per area and harvest index. Over year of cultivar release, cultivars became less susceptible to lodging, as well as plant mortality reduced. Meanwhile, the seed oil concentration increased, and seed protein concentration decreased, which could have negative consequences for soybeans use and requires further attention for breeding of future cultivars. Breeders have successfully contributed to the annual rate of soybean yield increase in southern Brazil. By our results, as well as the official on-farm production data, there is no evidence of soybean yield reaching a plateau in the near future in southern Brazil.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT: Determining the level of absorption of nutrients in the potato crop at different stages of development is important because it allows identification of the time when the elements are most required by plants. The objective of this research was to evaluate the level of nutrient absorption in cultivars after different planting times. Field experiment was conducted in Guarapuava-PR. Treatments consisted of three cultivars (Agata, BRS Clara, and BRS F63 Camila) and two planting times (October and February), in randomized blocks, with three replications in the crop season 2015/16. The total macro and micronutrient content (leaves, stems, and tubers) was quantified at 15 and 45 days after plant emergence. The total dry weight of plants was verified at 45 days after emergence. At harvest, dry weight of tubers, and total and commercial yield was recorded. It was observed that BRS F63 Camila produced a higher total dry weight of plants at 45 days after emergence, and higher dry weight of tubers at harvest because of the higher accumulation of Fe, Mn, and Zn following the October planting. The BRS Clara produced higher total dry weight and higher dry weight of tubers following February planting with higher Ca and S accumulation. Depending on the developmental period and planting time, cultivars differed in nutrient accumulation and tuber dry weight production. Greater nutritional demand and higher yield occurred following the October planting.
RESUMO: Determinar a absorção de nutrientes na cultura da batata em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento é importante pois permite identificar os tempos em que os elementos são mais exigidos pelas plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a absorção de nutrientes em cultivares de batata em resposta a diferentes épocas de plantio. O experimento foi conduzido a campo em Guarapuava-PR. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de três cultivares (Ágata, BRS Clara e BRS F63 Camila) e duas épocas de plantio (outubro e fevereiro), em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Foram avaliados os teores totais de macro e micronutrientes (folhas, hastes e tubérculo) aos 15 e 45 dias após a emergência das plantas. Quantificou-se a massa seca total das plantas aos 45 dias após a emergência e na colheita a massa seca de tubérculos, produtividade total e comercial. Observou-se que a BRS F63 Camila produziu maior massa seca total de plantas aos 45 dias após a emergência, e maior massa seca de tubérculos na colheita, devido ao maior acúmulo de Fe, Mn e Zn no plantio de outubro. A BRS Clara produziu maior massa seca total e maior massa seca de tubérculos no plantio de fevereiro com maior acúmulo de Ca e S. Dependendo do período de desenvolvimento e da época de plantio, as cultivares diferiram no acúmulo de nutrientes e na produção de massa seca de tubérculos, sendo observado no plantio de outubro, maior demanda nutricional e as maiores produtividades.
