Identification of copy number alternation profiles in metastatic oral squamous carcinoma patients by using microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization: A study on Turkish patients.

OBJECTIVE: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a severe form of cancer affecting different anatomic sites of the oral cavity. OSCC ranks as the sixth most common cancer type with an increasing prevalence globally. However, the mechanisms of OSCC process at later stages are not well understood. In this study, we aimed to determine genetic alternations in metastatic OSCC patients to identify genomic changes occurred at metastatic phase of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Illumina CytoSNP-12 Array was used to determine copy number variations in OSCC cancer genome. Hybridization procedures were performed according to the manufacturer procedures (Illumina). Arrays were scanned on iScan System (Illumina). Data were analyzed using Illumina Genotyping module of Genome Studio software (version 1.2, Illumina). Multiple CNV algorithms and copy number alternations were accessed by Genome Studio. CNVs in whole genome were investigated by using a chromosomal heat map. RESULTS: We reported that gains in 8q21.11-ter, 9p21.3, 13q14.11-ter, 13q13.3-ter and losses in 5q14.3-ter, 5q35 and 17p13.3-12 were associated with the development of OSCC. In addition, we also detected that deletion in 2q33.2-ter and 2q35-37.3 regions were also associated with OSCC metastasis process. CONCLUSIONS: Our results were also showed that gains in 11q13.3-q13.4 and 2q13.2 chromosomal regions could promote the metastatic OSCC process. We believe that results of the study will help to find new biomarkers for diagnosis at later stage of OSCC.

The analysis of Survivin promoter (-31G/C) gene variation in oral squamous cell carcinoma risk and prognosis.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malign tumor that associated with smoking and alcohol consumption, eating habits, environmental factors, and genetic susceptibility of the individuals. The Survivin gene, also known as BIRC5, plays important roles in the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis. The aim of the present study is to investigate Survivin -31G/C polymorphism in OSCC development and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 61 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 133 healthy individuals were genotyped by using the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP) to evaluate the role of the Survivin gene promoter region (-31) variation. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of Survivin promoter -31 polymorphism genotype and allele frequencies between the cases and controls but we analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics of patients and noticed a significant correlation between the C allele and advanced tumor stage in the patients (p = 0.022). CONCLUSION: The Survivin (-31) gene polymorphism might be associated with advanced tumor stage in oral squamous cell carcinoma but further studies in a larger population are needed most effective evaluation of the Survivin (-31) gene variation in the OSCC risk and prognosis.

Zygoma Implant-Supported Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Patient After Bilateral Maxillectomy.

Maxillectomy defects may vary from localized to extensive soft and hard tissue loss. In addition to physical and psychologic damages, functional and aesthetic aspects must be restored. This clinical report describes the rehabilitation of a patient with a zygoma implant-supported obturator prosthesis caused by a subtotal bilateral maxillectomy due to a squamous oral cell carcinoma. Prosthetic rehabilitation of this patient was performed after zygoma implant surgery. A maxillary obturator prosthesis supported by 2 osseointegrated zygoma implants was fabricated. Despite limited mouth opening and anatomic deficiencies, the patient's aesthetic and functional demands were fulfilled.

Lymphangioma of the tongue: report of four cases with dental aspects.

Lymphangiomas are rare congenital malformations which are commonly seen in the head and neck region. The disease can be histologically differentiated from other vascular disorders such as cavernous or capillary hemangioma with the lymphatic endothelium-lined cystic spaces. The onset of lymphangiomas are either at birth (60 to 70%) or up to two years of age (90%). It is rare in adults. The therapeutic strategy is mainly based on the surgical removal of the lesion. The risk of recurrence is high in incomplete removal of the lesion. In this article, we discuss the major clinical manifestations, disease-related impairments and dental problems which patients may face as well as treatment options for lymphangioma of the tongue. Within this context, we present four cases of lymphangioma of tongue, including two with a giant macroglossia leading problems in dentition and related dental problems.

Oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: Underdiagnosed oral precursor lesion that requires retrospective clinicopathological correlation.

We present herein a case of oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (OPVL) and discuss this relatively rare entity in light of current information. A 59-year-old woman, non-smoker, presented with a verrucous plaque at the left ventral and dorsal surfaces of the tongue that she had first noticed in 2001. At that time, the plaque was excised and revealed benign hyperkeratosis. The growth recurred and was again excised. Histologically it was characterized by a verrucous epithelial hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis and mild epithelial dysplasia. Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA typing for low, intermediate, and high-risk groups was also performed and no etiological link between HPV and this lesion was found. The overall progressive clinical and histopathological findings were considered diagnostic for OPVL. Because of the lack of specific histological features and the progressive proliferative characteristic of OPVL, the recognition of this underdiagnosed entity is critical because apparently innocent looking oral verrucous lesions, irrespective of the presence of dysplasia, may progress into carcinoma. On the other hand, it is of interest that the early phase of these lesions usually exhibits an interface lymphocytic infiltrate that may mimic an oral lichenoid stomatitis such as lichen planus. It is therefore important to follow-up closely any patient with oral leukoplakia and those diagnosed with non-specific lichenoid stomatitis.

Burning mouth syndrome.

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by oral burning or similar pain in the absence of detectable oral mucosa changes. This condition is more common among middle-aged and elderly women. Although various local, systemic, and psychological factors are considered to be possible causes of BMS, it is still a challenge in the field of oral medicine. The aim of this review was to discuss several aspects of BMS, update current knowledge, and provide guidelines for patient management.