As mulheres no Universo do Futebol brasileiro: resgatando o gênero / Women in the Brazilian Football Universe: recovering gender / Las mujeres en el universo del fútbol brasileño: rescate de género

Objetivo: O presente artigo analisa questõesrelativas ao conceito de Gênero (e suas relações) na intersecção com a prática futebolística.Método:Para realizar a discussão utilizaremos duas importantes obras da Antropologia dos Esportes. A primeira obra é a clássica coletânea organizada pelo antropólogo Roberto Damatta e publicada no começo da década de 1980: "O universo do futebol: esporte e sociedade brasileira". Já a segunda obra, "As mulheres no universo do futebol brasileiro", lançada no de 2020, traz em seu título uma alusão à primeira coletânea, mas trazendo a presença e participação das mulheres no futebol. Considerações finais:Apresentaremos a discussão sobre o conceito de gênero e suas relações com o futebol a partir de uma perspectiva pós-estruturalista na qual as noções de gênero, feminino e mulher, são postas em debate a fim de evidenciar os fazeres que se contrapõem à lógica androcêntrica tão presente no universo do futebol.

Objective: The present article analyzes the analytical concept of Gender (and its relations) at the intersection with football practice.Method:In order to conduct the discussion we will use two important books of Sport's Anthropology. The first one is the classic book collection edited by the anthropologist Roberto Damatta and published in the beginning of the 1980's: "O universo do futebol: esporte e sociedade brasileira". The second one, "As mulheres no universo do futebol brasileiro", was released in 2020, and brings in its title an allusion tothe first book but bringing the presence and participation of women on football. Final considerations:We will present the discussion about the concept of gender and its relations with football from a post-structuralist perspective in which the notions ofgender, feminine and woman are put under debate in order to highlight the actions that oppose the androcentric logic so present in the football universe

Objetivo: El presente artículo analiza el concepto analítico de género (y sus relaciones) en la intersección con la práctica del fútbol.Método:Para llevar a cabo la discusión utilizaremos dos importantes obras de Antropología del Deporte. La primera es la clásica compilación organizada por el antropólogo Roberto Damatta y publicada a principios de la década de 1980: "O universo do futebol: esporte e sociedade brasileira". El segundo, "As mulheres no universo do futebol brasileiro", fue lanzado en 2020, y trae en su título una alusión al primer libro, pero trae las mujeres en el fútbol.Consideraciones finales:Presentaremos la discusión sobre el concepto de género y sus relaciones con el fútbol desde una perspectiva post-estructuralista en que las nociones de género, femenino y mujer son puestas en debate para destacar las acciones que se oponen a la lógica androcéntrica tan presente en el universo del fútbol.

Família, suor e lágrimas: o início de uma (possível) trajetória de profissionalização para jogadoras de categorias sub-15 e sub-17 de um clube do Rio Grande do Sul / Family, sweat and tears: the beginning of a (possible) professionalization trajectory for under-15 and under-17 players at a club from Rio Grande do Sul / Familia, sudor y lágrimas: el inicio de una (posible) trayectoria de profesionalización de jugadores menores de 15 y menores de 17 en un club de Rio Grande do Sul

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a constituição "profissional" de carreiras esportivas de jogadoras das equipes sub-15 e sub-17 no Esporte Clube Pelotas/Phoenix, no interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, utilizando-se de observação participante e entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas em 2017. Ao longo deste estudo, identificou-se que fatores como recursos financeiros, mudanças no calendário de competições, apoio familiar,  afetam diretamente as perspectivas de consolidação da carreira de jovens atletas. Conclui-se, pelos relatos ouvidos, que a constituição "profissional" da carreira dessas atletas era perpassada por atos de resiliência e rebeldia, tendo em vista que, para persistir na modalidade, precisavam constantemente reforçar seu desejo de continuidade na prática e, por vezes, estabelecer conflitos com os desejos de suas famílias de origem.

Based on semi-structured interviews and participant observation carried out in 2017, this article aims to analyze the "professional" constitution of sports careers of players from under-15 and under-17 teams at Esporte Clube Pelotas / Phoenix, in the interior of the state from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Throughout this study, it was identified that factors such as: financial resources, changes in the competition calendar and family support directly affect the prospects for consolidating the career of young athletes. Concluded that the "professional" constitution of these athletes' career was permeated by acts of resilience and rebellion, considering that in order to survive in the sport, they constantly needed to reinforce their desire for continuity. in practice, and sometimes to conflict with the desire of their families of origin.

A partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación participante realizadas en 2017, este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la constitución "profesional" de las carreras deportivas de jugadores de equipos sub-15 y sub-17 en el Esporte Clube Pelotas / Phoenix, en el interior del estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A lo largo de este estudio se identificó que factores como: recursos económicos, cambios en el calendario de competición y apoyo familiar inciden directamente en las perspectivas de consolidación de la carrera de los jóvenes deportistas. Concluye, a través de los relatos de los deportistas y la investigación investigada, que la constitución "profesional" de la carrera de estos deportistas estuvo impregnada de actos de resiliencia y rebeldía, considerando que para sobrevivir en la modalidad, necesitaban constantemente reforzar su deseo. para la continuidad en la práctica y, a veces, para entrar en conflicto con los deseos de sus familias de origen.

Exposure of Human Gastric Cells to Oxidized Lipids Stimulates Pathways of Amino Acid Biosynthesis on a Genomic and Metabolomic Level.

The Western diet is characterized by a high consumption of heat-treated fats and oils. During deep-frying processes, vegetable oils are subjected to high temperatures which result in the formation of lipid peroxidation products. Dietary intake of oxidized vegetable oils has been associated with various biological effects, whereas knowledge about the effects of structurally-characterized lipid peroxidation products and their possible absorption into the body is scarce. This study investigates the impact of linoleic acid, one of the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oils, and its primary and secondary peroxidation products, 13-HpODE and hexanal, on genomic and metabolomic pathways in human gastric cells (HGT-1) in culture. The genomic and metabolomic approach was preceded by an up-to-six-hour exposure study applying 100 µM of each test compound to the apical compartment in order to quantitate the compounds' recovery at the basolateral side. Exposure of HGT-1 cells to either 100 µM linoleic acid or 100 µM 13-HpODE resulted in the formation of approximately 1 µM of the corresponding hydroxy fatty acid, 13-HODE, in the basolateral compartment, whereas a mean concentration of 0.20 ± 0.13 µM hexanal was quantitated after an equivalent application of 100 µM hexanal. An integrated genomic and metabolomic pathway analysis revealed an impact of the linoleic acid peroxidation products, 13-HpODE and hexanal, primarily on pathways related to amino acid biosynthesis (p < 0.05), indicating that peroxidation of linoleic acid plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular amino acid biosynthesis.

Regioisomeric distribution of 9- and 13-hydroperoxy linoleic acid in vegetable oils during storage and heating.

BACKGROUND: The oxidative deterioration of vegetable oils is commonly measured by the peroxide value, thereby not considering the contribution of individual lipid hydroperoxide isomers, which might have different bioactive effects. Thus, the formation of 9- and 13-hydroperoxy octadecadienoic acid (9-HpODE and 13- HpODE), was quantified after short-term heating and conditions representative of long-term domestic storage in samples of linoleic acid, canola, sunflower and soybean oil, by means of stable isotope dilution analysis-liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. RESULTS: Although heating of pure linoleic acid at 180 °C for 30 min led to an almost complete loss of 9-HpODE and 13-HpODE, heating of canola, sunflower and soybean oil resulted in the formation of 5.74 ± 3.32, 2.00 ± 1.09, 16.0 ± 2.44 mmol L-1 13-HpODE and 13.8 ± 8.21, 10.0 ± 6.74 and 45.2 ± 6.23 mmol L-1 9-HpODE. An almost equimolar distribution of the 9- and 13-HpODE was obtained during household-representative storage conditions after 56 days, whereas, under heating conditions, an approximately 2.4-, 2.8- and 5.0-fold (P ≤ 0.001) higher concentration of 9-HpODE than 13-HpODE was detected in canola, soybean and sunflower oil, respectively. CONCLUSION: A temperature-dependent distribution of HpODE regioisomers could be shown in vegetable oils, suggesting their application as markers of lipid oxidation in oils used for short-term heating. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Novel PSCA targeting scFv-fusion proteins for diagnosis and immunotherapy of prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: Despite great progress in the diagnosis and treatment of localized prostate cancer (PCa), there remains a need for new diagnostic markers that can accurately distinguish indolent and aggressive variants. One promising approach is the antibody-based targeting of prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), which is frequently overexpressed in PCa. Here, we show the construction of a molecular imaging probe comprising a humanized scFv fragment recognizing PSCA genetically fused to an engineered version of the human DNA repair enzyme O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT), the SNAP-tag, enabling specific covalent coupling to various fluorophores for diagnosis of PCa. Furthermore, the recombinant immunotoxin (IT) PSCA(scFv)-ETA' comprising the PSCA(scFv) and a truncated version of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE, ETA') was generated. METHODS: We analyzed the specific binding and internalization behavior of the molecular imaging probe PSCA(scFv)-SNAP in vitro by flow cytometry and live cell imaging, compared to the corresponding IT PSCA(scFv)-ETA'. The cytotoxic activity of PSCA(scFv)-ETA' was tested using cell viability assays. Specific binding was confirmed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimen of early and advanced PCa. RESULTS: Alexa Fluor® 647 labeling of PSCA(scFv)-SNAP confirmed selective binding to PSCA, leading to rapid internalization into the target cells. The recombinant IT PSCA(scFv)-ETA' showed selective binding leading to internalization and efficient elimination of target cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate, for the first time, the specific binding, internalization, and cytotoxicity of a scFv-based fusion protein targeting PSCA. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the specific ex vivo binding to primary PCa material.

Fine Tuning Antibody Conjugation Methods using SNAP-tag Technology.

BACKGROUND: Targeted imaging and therapy (theranostics) is a promising approach for the simultaneous improvement of cancer diagnosis, prognosis and management. Therapeutic and imaging reagents are coupled to tumor-targeting molecules such as antibodies, providing a basis for truly personalized medicine. However, the development of antibody-drug conjugates with acceptable pharmaceutical properties is a complex process and several parameters must be optimized, such as the controlled conjugation method and the drug-to-antibody ratio. OBJECTIVE: The major aim of this work is to address fundamental key challenges for the development of versatile technology platform for generating homogenous immunotheranostic reagent. METHOD: We conjugated the theranostics reagent IRDye700dx to a recombinant antibody fusion protein containing a self-labeling protein (SNAP-tag) which provides a unique reaction site. RESULTS: The resulting conjugate was suitable for the imaging of cancer cells expressing the epidermal growth factor receptor and demonstrated potent phototherapeutic and imaging activities against them. CONCLUSION: Here, we describe a simple, rapid and robust site-directed labeling method that can be used to generate homogeneous immunoconjugate with defined pharmacological properties.

Erythropoietin mimetic compound AGEM400(HES) binds to the same receptor as erythropoietin but displays a different spectrum of activities.

EPO mimetic peptides (EMPs) have a completely different structure than erythropoietin (EPO) or new generation recombinant erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) like Darbepoietin alfa (Aranesp) and continuous erythropoiesis stimulating agent (CERA). This study intended to compare the effects of a novel compound called AGEM400(HES), consisting of a dimeric EMP conjugated to hydroxyethyl starch (HES), to those of recombinant EPO. AGEM400(HES) efficiently stimulated erythropoiesis in vitro and efficiently stimulated survival of EPO-dependent cell line UT7/EPO. It also efficiently induced phosphorylation of signaling proteins in these models. However, AGEM400(HES) was shown to have weak or absent effects on survival of, and signaling in, three different EPO-responsive hematopoietic cell lines. In the latter models, when added in excess to moderate concentrations of EPO, AGEM400(HES) inhibited the activity of EPO in a fashion indicating receptor binding competition between EPO and AGEM400(HES). It was furthermore shown, using stably transfected BA/F3 cells, that the degree of responsiveness of a cell to AGEM400(HES) relative to its responsiveness to EPO, correlated with the level of EPO receptor surface expression. The findings presented raise intriguing possibilities because they imply that not all side-effects said to be associated with EPO must necessarily be elicited by AGEM400(HES) too.

Prevention--a cost-effective way to fight the non-communicable disease epidemic: an academic perspective of the United Nations High-level NCD Meeting.

The United Nations General Assembly has convened a Summit on non-communicable diseases (NCDs), an historic moment in the global combat of these disorders. Lifestyles in increasingly urban and globalised environments have led to a steep surge in NCD incidence in low and middle income countries, where two thirds of all NCD deaths occur (most importantly from cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory disease as well as diabetes). Treatment of NCDs is usually long term and expensive, thus threatening patients' and nations' budgets and putting them at high risk for poverty. The NCD Summit offers an opportunity for strengthening and shaping primary prevention, the most cost-effective instrument to fight major risk factors such as tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. From a Swiss perspective, we also emphasised the efforts for new laws on prevention and diagnosis registration, in accordance with the recommendations of the NCD summit in order to strengthen primary prevention and disease monitoring. In addition, the need for structural prevention across all policy sectors with leadership in environmental policy making to prevent NCDs as well as the need to adapt and strengthen primary health care are equally relevant for Switzerland. To compliment efforts in primary prevention, the field of NCDs requires special R&D platforms for affordable NCD drugs and diagnostics for neglected population segments in both Switzerland and low and middle income countries. Switzerland has a track record in research and development against diseases of poverty on a global scale that now needs to be applied to NCDs.