L-Ascorbic acid and L-galactose are sources for oxalic acid and calcium oxalate in Pistia stratiotes.

Axenic Pistia stratiotes L. plants were pulse-chase labeled with [14C]oxalic acid, L[1-14C]ascorbic acid, L-6-14C]ascorbic acid, D-[1-14C]erythorbic acid, L-[1-14C]galactose, or [1-14C]glycolate. Specific radioactivities of L-ascorbic acid (AsA), free oxalic acid (OxA) and calcium oxalate (CaOx) in labeled plants were compared. Samples of leaf tissue were fixed for microautoradiography and examined by confocal microscopy. Results demonstrate a biosynthetic role for AsA as precursor of OxA and its crystalline deposition product, CaOx, in idioblast cells of P. stratiotes and support the recent discovery of Wheeler, Jones and Smirnoff (Wheeler, G.L., Jones M.A., & Smirnoff, N. (1998). The biosynthetic pathway of vitamin C in higher plants. Nature, 393, 365-369) that L-galactose is a key intermediate in the conversion of D-glucose to AsA in plants. D-[1-14C]erythorbic acid (a diastereomeric analog of AsA) is utilized also by P. stratiotes as a precursor of OxA and its calcium salt deposition product in idioblasts. Labeled OxA is rapidly incorporated into CaOx in idioblasts, but microautoradiography shows there is also significant incorporation of carbon from OxA into other components of growing cells, contrary to the dogma that OxA is a relatively stable end product of metabolism. Glycolate is a poor substrate for synthesis of OxA and CaOx formation, further establishing AsA as th immediate precursor in the synthesis of OxA used for calcium precipitation in crystal idioblasts.

5-O-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-glycero-pent-2-enono-1,4-lactone: characterization in the oxalate-producing fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Extracts of sclerotia from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a fungal phytopathogen, contain two electrochemically-active constituents, D-glycero-pent-2-enono-1,4-lactone (trivial name: D-erythroascorbic acid), and a previously unidentified compound, here characterized as 5-O-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-glycero-pent-2-enono-1,4-lactone on the basis of its physical and chemical properties and its two hydrolytic products, D-galactose and D-erythroascorbic acid. Treatment of this galactoside with alkaline hydrogen peroxide produces oxalic acid as observed earlier with erythroascorbic acid.