[Estimation of soil moisture and organic matter content in saline alkali farmland by using CARS algorithm combined with covariates]. / 利用CARS算法联合协变量估算盐碱农田土壤水分和有机质含量.

Rapid acquisition of the data of soil moisture content (SMC) and soil organic matter (SOM) content is crucial for the improvement and utilization of saline alkali farmland soil. Based on field measurements of hyperspectral reflectance and soil properties of farmland soil in the Hetao Plain, we used a competitive adaptive reweighted sampling algorithm (CARS) to screen sensitive bands after transforming the original spectral reflectance (Ref) into a standard normal variable (SNV). Strategies Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ were used to model the input variables of Ref, Ref SNV, Ref-SNV+ soil covariate (SC), and digital elevation model (DEM). We constructed SMC and SOM estimation models based on random forest (RF) and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), and then verified and compared the accuracy of the models. The results showed that after CARS screening, the sensitive bands of SMC and SOM were compressed to below 3.3% of the entire band, which effectively optimized band selection and reduced redundant spectral information. Compared with the LightGBM model, the RF model had higher accuracy in SMC and SOM estimation, and the input variable strategy Ⅲ was better than Ⅱ and Ⅰ. The introduction of auxiliary variables effectively improved the estimation ability of the model. Based on comprehensive analysis, the coefficient of determination (Rp2), root mean square error (RMSE), and relative analysis error (RPD) of the SMC estimation model validation based on strategy Ⅲ-RF were 0.63, 3.16, and 2.01, respectively. The SOM estimation models based on strategy Ⅲ-RF had Rp2, RMSE, and RPD of 0.93, 1.15, and 3.52, respectively. The strategy Ⅲ-RF model was an effective method for estimating SMC and SOM. Our results could provide a new method for the rapid estimation of soil moisture and organic matter content in saline alkali farmland.

Clinical observation of extraction-site incisional hernia after laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery increases the risk of incisional hernia (IH) at the tumor extraction site. AIM: To investigate the incidence of IH at extraction sites following laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery and identify the risk factors for IH incidence. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed the data of 1614 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical colorectal cancer surgery with tumor extraction through the abdominal wall at our center between January 2017 and December 2022. Differences in the incidence of postoperative IH at different extraction sites and the risk factors for IH incidence were investigated. RESULTS: Among the 1614 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical colorectal cancer surgery, 303 (18.8%), 923 (57.2%), 171 (10.6%), and 217 (13.4%) tumors were extracted through supraumbilical midline, infraumbilical midline, umbilical, and off-midline incisions. Of these, 52 patients developed IH in the abdominal wall, with an incidence of 3.2%. The incidence of postoperative IH was significantly higher in the off-midline incision group (8.8%) than in the middle incision groups [the supraumbilical midline (2.6%), infraumbilical midline (2.2%), and umbilical incision (2.9%) groups] (χ2 = 24.985; P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that IH occurrence was associated with age, obesity, sex, chronic cough, incision infection, and combined diabetes, anemia, and hypoproteinemia (P < 0.05). Similarly, multivariate analysis showed that off-midline incision, age, sex (female), obesity, incision infection, combined chronic cough, and hypoproteinemia were independent risk factors for IH at the site of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The incidence of postoperative IH differs between extraction sites for laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery. The infraumbilical midline incision is associated with a lower hernia rate and is thus a suitable tumor extraction site.

Biophysical mechanisms underlying tefluthrin-induced modulation of gating changes and resurgent current generation in the human Nav1.4 channel.

Human skeletal muscle contraction is triggered by activation of Nav1.4 channels. Nav1.4 channels can generate resurgent currents by channel reopening at hyperpolarized potentials through a gating transition dependent on the intracellular Navß4 peptide in the physiological conditions. Tefluthrin (TEF) is a pyrethroid insecticide that can disrupt electrical signaling in nerves and skeletal muscle, resulting in seizures, muscle spasms, fasciculations, and mental confusion. TEF can also induce tail currents through other voltage-gated sodium channels in the absence of Navß4 peptide, suggesting that muscle spasms may be caused by resurgent currents. Further, intracellular Navß4 peptide and extracellular TEF may show competitive or synergistic effects; however, their binding sites are still unknown. To address these issues, electrophysiological recordings were performed on CHO-K1 cells expressing Nav1.4 channels with intracellular Navß4 peptide, extracellular TEF, or both. TEF and Navß4 peptide induced a hyperpolarizing shift of activation and inactivation curves in the Nav1.4 channel. TEF also substantially prolonged the inactivation time constants, while simultaneous application of Navß4 peptide partially reversed this effect. Resurgent currents were enhanced by TEF and Navß4 peptide at negative potentials, but TEF more potently enhances resurgent currents and dampens decay of resurgent currents. With longer depolarization, peak resurgent currents decay was fastest with the TEF alone. Molecular docking suggested that TEF and Navß4 peptide binding site(s) are not in the narrowest part of the channel pore, but rather in the bundle-crossing regions and in the domain linkers, respectively. TEF can induce resurgent currents independently and synergistically with Navß4 peptide, which may explain the muscle spasms observed in TEF intoxication.

P2X7 receptor is essential for ST36-attenuated cardiac fibrosis upon beta-adrenergic insult.

P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) plays an important role in modulating inflammation and fibrosis, but information is limited whether Zusanli (ST36) can inhibit inflammation and fibrosis by regulating P2X7R. Isoprenaline at 5 mg/kg was subcutaneously injected to wild-type and P2X7R knockout mice for 7 days, while treatment groups received electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation at ST36 for 7 sessions. Following 7-session treatment, Masson's trichrome staining was performed to assess the fibrosis. Morphology, electrocardiogram, and echocardiography were carried out to evaluate the cardiac function and structure. Western blotting, hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical analysis of inflammatory cytokine and transmission electron microscopy were carried out to characterize the effect of ST36 on inflammation. P2X7R was overexpressed in ISO-treated mice. EA at ST36, but not at non-points, reduced ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis, increases in HW/BW, R+S wave relative to mice in ISO groups. In addition, EA at ST36 downregulated ISO-upregulated P2X7R and NLRP3 in ventricle. Moreover, EA reduced cytokines of IL-1ß, IL-6, and IL-18 in serum, and inhibited foam cell gathering, inflammatory cell infiltration, and autophagy. However, EA at ST36 failed to attenuate the cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in P2X7R knockout mice. In conclusion, EA at ST36 attenuated ISO-induced fibrosis possibly via P2X7R.

[Simultaneous Immobilization of Cadmium and Arsenic in Paddy Soils with Novel Fe-Mn Combined Graphene Oxide].

Novel Fe-Mn combined graphene oxide （GO-FM） material was produced and tested for its efficacy in remediating agricultural soil co-contaminated by Cd and As. In a 60-day soil incubation experiment， the remediation mechanism and immobilization effects of GO and GO-FM at different addition ratios （0.1%， 0.2%， and 0.3%） were investigated in Shangyu and Foshan soils， which had varying physicochemical properties and contamination degrees. The dynamic changes in pH， DOC concentration， bioavailable Cd and As content， and morphology of Cd and As were explored to determine the remediation efficacy of the materials. The results demonstrated that compared with that in the blank control， GO-FM increased the pH in Shangyu soil but decreased the pH in Foshan soil. After culture， both GO and GO-FM increased the soil DOC content. GO-FM decreased the soluble Cd concentration by 5.08%-19.19% and the bioavailability of Cd by 36.57%-42.8% in Foshan soil， and the main immobilization mechanism was electrostatic adsorption， complexation， and hydroxylated metal ion formation. The immobilization ability of GO-FM on Cd was lower than that of Foshan soil due to the influence of electrostatic repulsion in Shangyu acidic soil. However， with the increase in the amount of GO-FM， the trend of increasing the bioavailability of Cd by graphene oxide was inhibited. The addition of 0.2% and 0.3% GO-FM decreased the bioavailability of Cd by 6.45%-13.56% in Shangyu soil. Additionally， GO-FM decreased the bioavailability of As in Shangyu soil and Foshan soil by 4.34%-9.15% and 0.87%-5.71%， respectively. This was due to the immobilization mechanism of oxidation of As by manganese oxides and inner surface chelate between As and the surface hydroxyl group of iron oxides. In summary， the immobilization effect of GO-FM on Cd in Foshan soil was better than that in Shangyu soil， and the immobilization effect of GO-FM on As in Shangyu soil was better than that in Foshan soil， which can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the prevention and control of Cd and As co-contamination in different types of soil.

A case report of a normal fertile woman with 46,XX/46,XY somatic chimerism reveals a critical role for germ cells in sex determination.

Individuals with 46,XX/XY chimerism can display a wide range of characteristics, varying from hermaphroditism to complete male or female, and can display sex chromosome chimerism in multiple tissues, including the gonads. The gonadal tissues of females contain both granulosa and germ cells. However, the specific sex chromosome composition of the granulosa and germ cells in 46,XX/XY chimeric female is currently unknown. Here, we reported a 30-year-old woman with secondary infertility who displayed a 46,XX/46,XY chimerism in the peripheral blood. FISH testing revealed varying degrees of XX/XY chimerism in multiple tissues of the female patient. Subsequently, the patient underwent preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) treatment, and 26 oocytes were retrieved. From the twenty-four biopsied mature oocytes, a total of 23 first polar bodies (PBs) and 10 second PBs were obtained. These PBs and two immature metaphase I (MI) oocytes only displayed X chromosome signals with no presence of the Y, suggesting that all oocytes in this chimeric female were of XX germ cell origin. On the other hand, granulosa cells obtained from individual follicles exhibited varied proportions of XX/XY cell types, and six follicles possessed 100% XX or XY granulosa cells. A total of 24 oocytes were successfully fertilized, and 12 developed into blastocysts, where 5 being XY and 5 were XX. Two blastocysts were transferred with one originating from an oocyte aspirated from a follicle containing 100% XY granulosa cells. This resulted in a twin pregnancy. Subsequent prenatal diagnosis confirmed normal male and female karyotypes. Ultimately, healthy boy-girl twins were delivered at full term. In summary, this 46,XX/XY chimerism with XX germ cells presented complete female, suggesting that germ cells may exert a significant influence on the sexual determination of an individual, which provide valuable insights into the intricate processes associated with sexual development and reproduction.

Developmental validation of the STRSeqTyper122 kit for massively parallel sequencing of forensic STRs.

Massively parallel sequencing allows for integrated genotyping of different types of forensic markers, which reduces DNA consumption, simplifies experimental processes, and provides additional sequence-based genetic information. The STRseqTyper122 kit genotypes 63 autosomal STRs, 16 X-STRs, 42 Y-STRs, and the Amelogenin locus. Amplicon sizes of 117 loci were below 300 bp. In this study, MiSeq FGx sequencing metrics for STRseqTyper122 were presented. The genotyping accuracy of this kit was examined by comparing to certified genotypes of NIST standard reference materials and results from five capillary electrophoresis-based kits. The sensitivity of STRseqTyper122 reached 125 pg, and > 80% of the loci were correctly called with 62.5 pg and 31.25 pg input genomic DNA. Repeatability, species specificity, and tolerance for DNA degradation and PCR inhibitors of this kit were also evaluated. STRseqTyper122 demonstrated reliable performance with routine case-work samples and provided a powerful tool for forensic applications.

[Using Biochar and Iron-calcium Material to Remediate Paddy Soil Contaminated by Cadmium and Arsenic].

In this study, iron-calcium material (FC) and hickory-cattail biochar (BC) were applied to prepare composite material (BF), which was used to repair the combined pollution of cadmium and arsenic in paddy soil to reduce the content of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in rice grain. Soil pore water, rhizosphere soil, bulk soil, rice plants, and root iron plaque samples were collected during the growth period of rice in a pot experiment to explore the effects and mechanism of FC, BC, and BF on the bioavailability of Cd and As in paddy soil and their contents in plants. The results showed that biochar could significantly (P < 0.05) increase the pH value of bulk soil (0.55-0.66 units) and rhizosphere soil (0.28-0.36 units) and elevate the soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. FC material could significantly (P < 0.05) reduce the pH of bulk soil (0.14-0.27 units) and rhizosphere soil (0.38-0.41 units), as well as the soil DOC content. Iron-calcium materials and composite could simultaneously reduce the contents of available Cd and As in soil pore water, rhizosphere soil, and bulk soil, whereas biochar could reduce the content of Cd but increase the content of As. Among them, a 1% addition of composite had the best effect. The available Cd and As in soil decreased by 41.8%-48.2% and 6.1%-10.1%, respectively. Biochar, iron-calcium materials, and composites improved plant biomass (dry weight of root, stem, leaf, and grain). For example, the dry weights of rice grains under these treatments were higher (48.5%-184.0%) than that of CK, as was the root iron plaque content (7.5%-13.6%). Compared with that in the CK, biochar could effectively reduce the Cd content in rice grain by 21.0%-26.1%. Iron-calcium material and composite could simultaneously reduce the Cd and As contents in rice grain. Among them, the BF treatment had the best effect on the reduction of Cd and As in rice grain, with a decrease of 36.9%-42.0% and 40.4%-44.4%, respectively. The Cd and As contents in rice grain were lower than the national standard values (GB 2762-2017).

Safety and efficacy of non-reduced use of caspofungin in patients with Child-Pugh B or C cirrhosis: a real-world study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The need for dose adjustment of caspofungin in patients with hepatic impairment is controversial, especially for those with Child-Pugh B or C cirrhosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of standard-dose caspofungin administration in Child-Pugh B and C cirrhotic patients in a real-world clinical setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The electronic medical records of 258 cirrhotic patients, including 67 Child-Pugh B patients and 191 Child-Pugh C patients, who were treated with standard-dose of caspofungin at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China, from March 2018 to June 2023 were reviewed retrospectively. The white blood cells (WBC), hepatic, renal and coagulation function results before administration and post administration on days 7, 14 and 21 were collected, and the efficacy was assessed in all patients at the end of caspofungin therapy. RESULTS: Favorable responses were achieved in 137 (53.1%) patients while 34 (13.2%) patients died. We observed that some patients experienced an increase of prothrombin time (PT) or international normalized ratio (INR), or a decrease of WBC, but no exacerbation of hepatic or renal dysfunction were identified and no patient required dose interruption or adjustment because of an adverse drug reaction during treatment with caspofungin. CONCLUSIONS: Standard-dose of caspofungin can be safely and effectively used in patients with Child-Pugh B or C cirrhosis, and we appealed to re-assess the most suitable dosing regimen in this population to avoid a potential subtherapeutic exposure.

The effects of health education and exercise style changes on the maturation of autologous arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Upper limb exercise has long been considered to be the main means to promote autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation, but in practice exercise intensity and compliance are both typically lacking. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the good effects of functional resistance or pressure exercise in patients with AVF. However, many patients' have difficulty complying with upper limb exercise programs without systematic health education. Therefore, we argue that resistance and pressure exercise supported by health education is actually the most beneficial for AVF patients. METHODS: We randomly divided 114 patients into a control group and an experimental group of 57 patients each. In the control group, conventional care was used, and in the experimental group, online health education based on the IMB (Information-Motivation-Behavior skills) model and functional resistance and pressure upper limb exercises was implemented with the AVF side arm. The failure rate of AVF maturation, clinical maturation time, cephalic venous blood flow, vessel diameter, and vessel skin thickness were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Fifty-five cases were included for each in the final study. The primary outcome of this study was the failure rate of AVF maturation. Secondary outcomes included clinical maturation time, cephalic vein flow, vessel diameter, and vessel thickness. The failure rate of AVF maturation in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the clinical maturation time in the experimental group was significantly shorter than that in the control group. For the remaining three indicators, there were between-group effects, time effects, and interaction effects in both groups. Comparison between groups showed that there was no statistical difference in the observed indicators of cephalic vein flow, vessel diameter, or vessel thickness between the two groups before the intervention but that there was a statistical difference at the end of the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks of the intervention. A 2 × 2 comparison also showed that there was a statistical difference between the three indicators at each time point within the two groups. CONCLUSION: IMB model-based online health education combined with functional resistance and pressure exercises can improve AVF maturation status and accelerate AVF maturation within 12 weeks of surgery.

Genome-wide analysis of transposable elements and satellite DNA in Humulus scandens, a dioecious plant with XX/XY1Y2 chromosomes.

Transposable elements (TEs) and satellite DNAs, two major categories of repetitive sequences, are expected to accumulate in non-recombining genome regions, including sex-linked regions, and contribute to sex chromosome evolution. The dioecious plant, Humulus scandens, can be used for studying the evolution of the XX/XY1Y2 sex chromosomes. In this study, we thoroughly examined the repetitive components of male and female H. scandens using next-generation sequencing data followed by bioinformatics analysis and florescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The H. scandens genome has a high overall repetitive sequence composition, 68.30% in the female and 66.78% in the male genome, with abundant long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons (RTs), including more Ty3/Gypsy than Ty1/Copia elements, particularly two Ty3/Gypsy lineages, Tekay and Retand. Most LTR-RT lineages were found dispersed across the chromosomes, though CRM and Athila elements were predominately found within the centromeres and the pericentromeric regions. The Athila elements also showed clearly higher FISH signal intensities in the Y1 and Y2 chromosomes than in the X or autosomes. Three novel satellite DNAs were specifically distributed in the centromeric and/or telomeric regions, with markedly different distributions on the X, Y1, and Y2 chromosomes. Combined with FISH using satellite DNAs to stain chromosomes during meiotic diakinesis, we determined the synapsis pattern and distinguish pseudoautosomal regions (PARs). The results indicate that the XY1Y2 sex chromosomes of H. scandens might have originated from a centric fission event. This study improves our understanding of the repetitive sequence organization of H. scandens genome and provides a basis for further analysis of their chromosome evolution process.

Estimation of soil water and organic matter content in medium and low yield fields of Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation area based on hyperspectral information.

Accurately obtaining soil water and organic matter content is of great significance for improving soil qua-lity in croplands with medium to low yield. We explored the estimation effect of fractional order differentiation (FOD) combined with different spectral indices on soil water and organic matter content in medium and low yield croplands of Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area. After root mean square transformation of field measured hyperspectral reflectance, we used 0-2 FOD (with a step length of 0.25) to construct difference index (DI), ratio index (RI), product index (PI), sum index (SI), generalized difference index (GDI), and nitrogen planar domain index (NPDI) and to select the optimal spectral index based on the correlation coefficients between six spectral indices with soil water and organic matter contents. We constructed a model for estimating soil water and organic matter content based on partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector machine (SVM). The results showed that the correlation between soil water and organic matter content and spectral information was effectively improved after FOD transformation compared with the original spectrum, with maximum increases of 0.1785 and 0.1713, respectively. The soil water content sensitive bands were mainly in the range of 400-630 and 1350-1940 nm, while the sensitive bands of organic matter content were mainly at 460-850, 1530-1910, and 2060-2310 nm. The accuracy of SVM model was significantly higher than that of PLSR, and the soil water content estimation model based on 1.75-order NPDI-SVM reached the highest precision, with a validation determination coefficient (Rp2) of 0.970, root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.615, and relative percent deviation (RPD) of 4.211. The organic matter content estimation model based on 0.5 order DI-SVM had the best performance, with Rp2, RMSE and RPD of 0.983, 0.701 and 5.307, respectively. Our results could provide data and technological support for soil water and nutrient monitoring, quality improvement, and graphics creating in similar area with medium to low yield fields.

Selectfluor-Mediated Electrophilic Annulation of 2-Alkynyl Biaryls with Diorganyl Diselenides.

A general and efficient method for the synthesis of various selanyl phenanthrenes/polycyclic heteroaromatics through the electrophilic annulation of 2-alkynyl biaryls with diorganyl diselenides under metal-free and mild conditions was established. The sulfanyl phenanthrene was also obtained in moderate yields.

Modifying a D-A-π-A-D HTM system for higher hole mobility by the meta-substitution strategy to weaken the electron-donating ability of the donor unit: a DFT study.

Tuning the electron-donating ability (EDA) of the donor units of hole transporting materials (HTMs) is an efficient strategy to modulate the optoelectronic properties of HTMs. Based on this strategy, we first theoretically investigated the effects of the EDA of donor units on D-A-π-A-D architectural HTMs. The results show that the enhanced EDA of the donor unit leads to larger hole reorganization energy and poorer molecular stability of HTMs. In contrast, meta-substitution of side groups is an effective strategy to reduce the EDA of the donor unit. We found that the application of the meta-substitution strategy in the D-A-π-A-D system not only successfully improves the molecular stability, but also achieves higher hole mobility by promoting the electronic coupling between the molecular dimers and decreasing the hole reorganization energies simultaneously. Studies on interfacial properties indicate that intermolecular coupling also synergistically enhances the interfacial charge extraction performance and reduces carrier recombination. In conclusion, by utilizing the meta-substitution strategy to reduce the EDA of donor units on D-A-π-A-D architectural HTMs, we successfully designed four superior performance HTMs mD1, mD2, mD3, and mD4.

[Effect of electroacupuncture on Notch/NF-κB signaling pathway in colonic mucosa of mice with ulcerative colitis].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the intestinal mucosal barrier and its relationship with the Notch/NF-κB signaling pathway in mice with ulcerative colitis (UC), so as to explore its mechanism of treating UC. METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were randomized into control, model and EA groups, with 6 mice in each group. The UC model was established by giving the mice with 2% Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) for 7 days. EA (2 Hz/15 Hz, 0.2 mA) was applied at bilateral "Zusanli" (ST36) for 30 min, once a day for 7 days. The disease activity indexes ï¼»DAI=(body weight index score+stool score+bleeding score)/3; 0-4 pointsï¼½ of mice were calculated. The morphological changes of colonic tissues of mice in each group were observed by HE staining, and serum contents of TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. Claudin-1 protein expression in colon tissue was detected by immunofluorescence, while the protein expression levels of Muc-2, Notch-1, MMP-9 in colon tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. The real-time PCR method was used to detect the expression levels of Notch-1, Hes-1, NF-κB, TLR-4 and AKT mRNA in colon tissues. RESULTS: After modeling, the DAI, serum TNF-α and IL-6 contents, Notch-1 and MMP-9 protein expression, the relative expression levels of Notch-1, Hes-1, NF-κB, TLR-4 and AKT mRNA in the colonic tissue were significantly increased (P<0.001, P<0.01) in the model group relevant to the control group. At the same time, Claudin-1 and Muc-2 protein expression were significantly reduced (P<0.01). After the EA intervention, the increased DAI score, TNF-α and IL-6 contents, Notch-1 and MMP-9 protein expression, the relative expressions of Notch-1, Hes-1, NF-κB, TLR-4 and AKT mRNA, and the decreased Claudin-1 and Muc-2 protein expression were all reversed compared with the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). H.E. staining of the colonic tissue showed damage and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the model group, and those were significantly improved in the EA group. CONCLUSION: EA can promote the recovery of intestinal mucosal barrier function and reduce inflammatory reaction in UC mice, which may be associated with its effects in inhibiting the excessive activation of the Notch/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Highly Luminescent One-Dimensional Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Double-Perovskite-Inspired Materials for Single-Component Warm White-Light-Emitting Diodes.

Double perovskites (DPs) are one of the most promising candidates for developing white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) owing to their intrinsic broadband emission from self-trapped excitons (STEs). Translation of three-dimensional (3D) DPs to one-dimensional (1D) analogues, which could break the octahedral tolerance factor limit, is so far remaining unexplored. Herein, by employing a fluorinated organic cation, we report a series of highly luminescent 1D DP-inspired materials, (DFPD)2 MI InBr6 (DFPD=4,4-difluoropiperidinium, MI =K+ and Rb+ ). Highly efficient warm-white photoluminescence quantum yield of 92 % is achieved by doping 0.3 % Sb3+ in (DFPD)2 KInBr6 . Furthermore, single-component warm-WLEDs fabricated with (DFPD)2 KInBr6 :Sb yield a luminance of 300 cd/m2 , which is one of the best-performing lead-free metal-halides WLEDs reported so far. Our study expands the scope of In-based metal-halides from 3D to 1D, which exhibit superior optical performances and broad application prospects.

Neuroprotective effects of neural stem cells pretreated with neuregulin1ß on PC12 cells exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation.

Studies on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury suggest that exogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) are ideal candidates for stem cell therapy reperfusion injury. However, NSCs are difficult to obtain owing to ethical limitations. In addition, the survival, differentiation, and proliferation rates of transplanted exogenous NSCs are low, which limit their clinical application. Our previous study showed that neuregulin1ß (NRG1ß) alleviated cerebral I/R injury in rats. In this study, we aimed to induce human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells into NSCs and investigate the improvement effect and mechanism of NSCs pretreated with 10 nM NRG1ß on PC12 cells injured by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Our results found that 5 and 10 nM NRG1ß promoted the generation and proliferation of NSCs. Co-culture of NSCs and PC12 cells under condition of OGD/R showed that pretreatment of NSCs with NRG1ß improved the level of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and mitochondrial damage in injured PC12 cells; these indexes are related to ferroptosis. Research has reported that p53 and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) play vital roles in ferroptosis caused by cerebral I/R injury. Our data show that the expression of p53 was increased and the level of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) was decreased after RNA interference-mediated knockdown of SLC7A11 in PC12 cells, but this change was alleviated after co-culturing NSCs with damaged PC12 cells. These findings suggest that NSCs pretreated with NRG1ß exhibited neuroprotective effects on PC12 cells subjected to OGD/R through influencing the level of ferroptosis regulated by p53/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway.

Body characteristics of adults from 17 minorities of the Tibeto-Burman language group in China / 解剖学报

Objective To understand the body characteristics of adults from the Tibeto-Burman language group. Methods Totally 14 837 adults (6578 males and 8259 females) from 17 minorities were selected for investigation during 2015 to 2019 and these surveys were carried out in regions including Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan and Tibet Autonomous Region. Eight physical parameters (stature, sitting height, etc.) along with 4 corresponding indexes (stature-sitting index and the like) were carefully analyzed. The body characteristics of the Tibeto-Burman language group were then compared to those of certain minorities as well as Han in both northern and southern part of China based on our collected data. Results Among 17 minorities of the Tibeto-Burman language group, people from Pumi and Tibet were relatively tall and have longer trunk and limbs. The presence of wider trunk and thicker limbs appeared to be common in Tibetan individuals. Subjects from Lahu, Jino and Derung were in possession of shorter stature and limbs while the trunk of Naxi, Lisu and Achang people seemed wider. Compared with other ethnic groups in China, individuals from the Tibeto-Burman language group tended to own shorter stature accompanied by medium trunk width, probably sharing similar physical characteristics with those minorities in southern China, especially She and Li. Conclusion Among ethnic groups dotting in southern China, individuals from the Tibeto-Burman language group generally have medium stature, medium trunk height, and wide trunk whereas those from 3 Mon-Khmer groups, Va, Khmus and Blang, are shorter and smaller in width and height of the trunk.

Effect of cerebrotein hydrolysate-on intestinal microflora regulation of mice with Parkinson's disease / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of cerebrotein hydrolysate- (CH-) on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced Parkinson's disease (PD) mice. Methods Totally 36 healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group(Ctrl), model group(MPTP) and CH- group. MPTP was used to induce PD model in mice, and CH- was injected intraperitoneally for intervention. The behavioral function of mice was detected by pole test, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the composition and diversity of intestinal microflora were detected by gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Results Compared with the control group, MPTP induced behavioral deficits in PD mice after modeling (P<0.05), after CH- treatment, the behavioral defects of PD mice were improved compared with MPTP group (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical result showed that MPTP decreased the expression of the rate-limiting enzyme TH in dopamine synthesis, and increased the expression of TH after CH- treatment. The result of microbial diversity showed that the intestinal microflora diversity of mice decreased after MPTP treatment (P<0.05). At the “phylum” level, the number of Epsilonbacteraeota and Deferribacteres decreased sharply, while the number of Verrucomicrobia increased significantly. At the level of “family”, the number of Desulfovibrionaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Helicobacteraceae and Rikenellaceae decreased, while the number of Akkermansiaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae increased, suggesting that the original homeostasis of intestinal microflora was destroyed. After CH- treatment, the number of intestinal microflora tended to be normal, which reduced the abundance of pathogenic microbiota and increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria. Conclusion CH- can improve the composition of intestinal microflora and the behavioral function of PD mice by decreasing the abundance of pathogenic microbiota and increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria.

Nutritional physical indexes, obesity status and their warning effect on hypertension among Blang, Deang and Va ethnic groups in Yunnan / 解剖学报

Objective To analyze the nutritional level, obesity status and the prevalence of frypertension in Blang, Deang and Va ethnic groups in Yunnan, to explore the relationship among nutritional physical index, obesity indicators and blood pressure, and use the cutoff value of related indicators to warn frypertension. Methods This paper was based on a statistical analysis of the 7 nutritional pfrysical indexes, 5 types of obesity status and frypertension status of 766 Blang, 570 Deang and 565 Va. Results We found that the nutritional pfrysique index of man)' items (4 items for men and 4 items for women) of Blang was significantly higher than that of Deang and Va (P Blang > Deang and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion Pelidisi' s index, WHR, and PBF all have good early warning effects on frypertension in all three ethnic groups.