RESUMO
Mutations in the HIV-1 genes associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs were detected also in primary HIV infected individuals who did not receive antiretroviral treatment. Drug resistance genotyping of HIV pol gene was done by in situ DNA hybridization using a Line Probe Assay and by direct sequencing. Viral variants harbouring resistance mutations such as: M41, T69R, K70R, M184V, T215Y in the pol gene were detected in 14% of the subjects. HIV mutants resistant to NRT inhibitors were found in 10 and 20% of patients infected before and after the year 2000, respectively. Multiple drug resistant viruses (2-3 drug classes) were present in 3.5% of the mainly recently infected patients. In protease gene only minor resistant mutations were found such as L101 and A71V. These findings indicate the evolution of drug resistance showing a correlation with the time of introduction of combination therapy in our country, where more than 70% of HIV infections were by homo/bisexual transmission. This confirms the transmission of drug-resistant HIV shown by genotype testing during primary infection in therapy-naive patients and initiates serious clinical and public health consequences.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Viral Múltipla/genética , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , HIV-1/genética , Fármacos Anti-HIV/farmacologia , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Evolução Biológica , Coleta de Dados , Genes pol/genética , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Protease de HIV/farmacologia , Inibidores da Protease de HIV/uso terapêutico , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Hungria/epidemiologia , Mutação , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/farmacologia , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The mechanisms leading to the development of eosinophilia were investigated in 65 patients with immunodermatological disorders, including the role of eosinophilotactic cytokines and the possible involvement of human T-cell leukemia virus, HTLV. HTLV-1 gag proviral sequences were revealed in two cases of lymphoproliferative disorders such as angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) and CD4+ cutaneous lymphoma, respectively. Increased level of GM-CSF was detected in 33% of disorders studied. Elevated level of IL-5 and eotaxin was detected in 27% and 30%, respectively, of patients with bullous diseases. Elevated level of GM-CSF and eotaxin was found in 33% and 46%, respectively, of patients with inflammatory diseases. Neither of the four cytokines, however proved to be responsible alone or together for the induction of eosinophilia. The possible indirect role of human retroviruses through induction of eosinophilic chemotactic cytokines is hypothesized.
Assuntos
Eosinofilia/virologia , Produtos do Gene gag/química , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/isolamento & purificação , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/virologia , Provírus/isolamento & purificação , Dermatopatias Vesiculobolhosas/virologia , Dermatopatias/virologia , Sequência de Bases , Quimiocina CCL11 , Quimiocinas CC/sangue , DNA Viral/química , Eosinofilia/imunologia , Feminino , Produtos do Gene gag/genética , Genes gag , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/sangue , Infecções por HTLV-I/complicações , Infecções por HTLV-I/virologia , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/genética , Humanos , Interleucina-5/sangue , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/imunologia , Masculino , Provírus/química , Provírus/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Dermatopatias/imunologia , Dermatopatias Vesiculobolhosas/imunologiaAssuntos
Herpesvirus Humano 7/isolamento & purificação , Herpesvirus Humano 7/patogenicidade , Pitiríase Rósea/virologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Herpesvirus Humano 7/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas/sangue , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Estatísticas não ParamétricasAssuntos
Eritema Infeccioso/diagnóstico , Eritema Infeccioso/virologia , Infecções por Roseolovirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Roseolovirus/virologia , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Eritema Infeccioso/complicações , Eritema Infeccioso/genética , Eritema Infeccioso/patologia , Feminino , Dermatoses do Pé/complicações , Dermatoses do Pé/diagnóstico , Dermatoses do Pé/genética , Dermatoses do Pé/patologia , Dermatoses do Pé/virologia , Dermatoses da Mão/complicações , Dermatoses da Mão/diagnóstico , Dermatoses da Mão/genética , Dermatoses da Mão/patologia , Dermatoses da Mão/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 7/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 7/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pais , Parvovirus B19 Humano/genética , Parvovirus B19 Humano/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Roseolovirus/complicações , Infecções por Roseolovirus/genética , Infecções por Roseolovirus/patologia , SíndromeRESUMO
Effect of CCR-5 delta 32 heterozygosity in immunological protection was studied by a lymphocyte proliferation assay. Twenty of 86 HIV+ and eight of 32 healthy subjects showed heterozygous mutation (wt/mut) of the CCR-5 gene. Lymphocyte proliferation to pokeweed mitogen was found significantly higher (P < 0.005) in wt/mut versus wild type homozygous (wt/wt) HIV+ subjects in groups with CD4 > 500 and CD4 < 200 cell/ micro L. Phytohaemagglutinin induced stronger proliferation of cells from wt/mut HIV+ subjects with CD4 < 200 cell/ micro L (P = 0.03). Decline of lymphocyte response was more significant among wt/wt groups with different CD4+ cell counts than that between wt/mut groups to both mitogens. Reduced number of CCR-5 receptors on CD4+ cells may decrease the ability of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins to transduce intracellular signals through CCR-5. Mutation in CCR-5 gene seems to have a benefit in preventing T-cells from HIV envelope-mediated immunopathogenic effects and maintain a relatively normal response to lectins.