RESUMO
Peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon like peptide (GLP)-1 are cosecreted from intestinal L cells, and plasma levels of both hormones rise after a meal. Peripheral administration of PYY(3-36) and GLP-1(7-36) inhibit food intake when administered alone. However, their combined effects on appetite are unknown. We studied the effects of peripheral coadministration of PYY(3-36) with GLP-1(7-36) in rodents and man. Whereas high-dose PYY(3-36) (100 nmol/kg) and high-dose GLP-1(7-36) (100 nmol/kg) inhibited feeding individually, their combination led to significantly greater feeding inhibition. Additive inhibition of feeding was also observed in the genetic obese models, ob/ob and db/db mice. At low doses of PYY(3-36) (1 nmol/kg) and GLP-1(7-36) (10 nmol/kg), which alone had no effect on food intake, coadministration led to significant reduction in food intake. To investigate potential mechanisms, c-fos immunoreactivity was quantified in the hypothalamus and brain stem. In the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, no changes were observed after low-dose PYY(3-36) or GLP-1(7-36) individually, but there were significantly more fos-positive neurons after coadministration. In contrast, there was no evidence of additive fos-stimulation in the brain stem. Finally, we coadministered PYY(3-36) and GLP-1(7-36) in man. Ten lean fasted volunteers received 120-min infusions of saline, GLP-1(7-36) (0.4 pmol/kg.min), PYY(3-36) (0.4 pmol/kg.min), and PYY(3-36) (0.4 pmol/kg.min) + GLP-1(7-36) (0.4 pmol/kg.min) on four separate days. Energy intake from a buffet meal after combined PYY(3-36) + GLP-1(7-36) treatment was reduced by 27% and was significantly lower than that after either treatment alone. Thus, PYY(3-36) and GLP-1(7-36), cosecreted after a meal, may inhibit food intake additively.
Assuntos
Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Peptídeos Semelhantes ao Glucagon/farmacologia , Glucagon/farmacologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Peptídeo YY/farmacologia , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus/genética , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Método Duplo-Cego , Combinação de Medicamentos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Ingestão de Energia/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Alimentar/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Glucagon/administração & dosagem , Peptídeo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon , Peptídeos Semelhantes ao Glucagon/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Obesidade/genética , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/administração & dosagem , Peptídeo YY/administração & dosagem , RatosRESUMO
Agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are colocalized in arcuate nucleus (arcuate) neurons implicated in the regulation of energy balance. Both AgRP and NPY stimulate food intake when administered into the third ventricle and are up-regulated in states of negative energy balance. However, mice with targeted deletion of either NPY or AgRP or both do not have major alterations in energy homeostasis. Using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenesis we have targeted expression of a neurotoxic CAG expanded form of ataxin-3 to AgRP-expressing neurons in the arcuate. This resulted in a 47% loss of AgRP neurons by 16 weeks of age, a significantly reduced body weight, (wild-type mice (WT) 34.7+/-0.7 g vs. transgenic mice (Tg) 28.6+/-0.6 g, P<0.001), and reduced food intake (WT 5.0+/-0.2 vs. Tg 3.6+/-0.1 g per day, P<0.001). Transgenic mice had significantly reduced total body fat, plasma insulin, and increased brown adipose tissue UCP1 expression. Transgenic mice failed to respond to peripherally administered ghrelin but retained sensitivity to PYY 3-36. These data suggest that postembryonic partial loss of AgRP/NPY neurons leads to a lean, hypophagic phenotype.
