RESUMO
Objective: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is very important for providing optimal nutrition during the critical developmental period of preterm newborns. Thus, there is a need to optimize TPN solutions to reduce morbidities. This study aimed to examine the effects of olive oil (ClinOleic®) and fish oil (SMOFlipid®) therapies on the frequencies of neonatal morbidities. Methods: Premature newborns hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit and receiving TPN for at least 14 days were included in the study. Newborns who were hospitalized and received olive oil-based lipid (ClinOleic®) were included in the olive oil group, and those who received omega-3 containing multi-lipid (SMOFlipid®) were included in the SMOFlipid group. Results: This study enrolled a total of 222 very-low-birth-weight premature newborns. The breastfeeding rate in the olive oil group was significantly lower than that in the SMOFlipid group (p<0.05). The rate of necrotizing entercolitis (NEC) in the olive oil group was significantly higher than that in the SMOFlipid group (p<0.05). The rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the SMOFlipid group was lower than that in the olive oil group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The rates of BPD and NEC were lower in the fish oil group. In this situation, fish oil therapy may provide protection against the development of BPD and NEC. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether this is caused by lipid therapy or an effect of breast milk.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Vanillic acid, also known as 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid has a potent effect on bone metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to specify the effects of vanillic acid (VA) on preventing inflammation and bone destruction in experimental periodontitis as inflammatory bone disease. To evaluate the effects of VA, osteoblast, osteoclast and inflammatory cell counts, iNOS, CD68, MMP-1, and TIMP-1 levels were determined. METHODS: 32 female Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups as; Group 1: healthy control (C, n = 8), group 2: Periodontitis (P, n = 8), group 3: periodontitis and 50 mg/kg VA administered group (P + VA-50, n = 8) and group 4: periodontitis and 100 mg/kg VA delivered group (P + VA-100, n = 8). Ligature-induced experimental periodontitis was carried out at mandibular first molar teeth of the right quadrant by placing submarginal 4-0 silk ligatures. VA was administered by oral gavage for 14 days beginning from the first day. Rats were euthanized on the 15th day. Morphological changes in alveolar bone were evaluated via a stereomicroscope. Mandibles were subjected to histological procedures. Osteoblasts, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase synthesizing osteoclasts and inflammatory cells were counted. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cluster of differentiation (CD)-68, Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, tissue inhibitor of MMP-1, runt-related x factor-2 (RUNX2), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expressions were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The rats in the periodontitis group had the highest alveolar bone loss compared to the other groups. Both doses of VA significantly decreased alveolar bone loss but not the control levels. TRAP-positive osteoclast and inflammatory cell counts were also highest in the P group, and both 50 and 100 mg/kg VA reduced these counts. Control rats had the lowest osteoclast and inflammatory cell counts compared to the other groups. Similar to osteoclast counts, MMP-1, iNOS, CD68, and COX-2 expressions were the highest in the P group compared to the other groups. Both doses of VA significantly decreased these levels. Osteoblast cells were higher in the VA groups compared to the control and periodontitis groups. RUNX2 levels were lower in the periodontitis group compared to the control group. A slight increase was also observed in VA groups. However, the difference in the TIMP-1 levels was significant only between P and VA100 groups. CONCLUSION: VA administration successfully ameliorated periodontitis symptoms by decreasing alveolar bone and collagen destruction, periodontal inflammation, and increasing osteoblastic activity.
