RESUMO
Abstract Background: Multidrug-resistant bacteria present in food of animal origin raise human and animal health concerns. Objective: To assess antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from sheep carcasses subjected to spray-chilling with water (4 and 10 hours) during cooling. Methods: Thirty surface swabs were collected from carcasses before and after the last water spray in two slaughter periods. In a first assessment (1st sampling), three spray-chilled carcasses (4 hours), three non-sprayed and one control carcass were sampled. In a second assessment (2nd sampling), the same number of carcasses and treatments were maintained, but spray-chilling was extended to 10 hours. All samples collected were isolated and submitted to susceptibility test using 16 (1st sampling) and 17 (2nd sampling) antimicrobials, respectively. Results: Overall, E. coli isolates were resistant most antimicrobials. Spray-chilled and control carcasses (10 hours) showed resistance to meropenem. Conclusion: E. coli isolates from carcasses subjected to spray-chilling with water for 10 hours had higher antimicrobial resistance to one, two, and four antimicrobial classes, characterizing a multidrug resistance profile. These results highlight the need to monitor health status throughout the meat production processes.
Resumen Antecedentes: las bacterias multirresistentes presentes en alimentos de origen animal son motivo de alerta para la salud humana y animal. Objetivo: verificar la resistencia a antimicrobianos de aislados de Escherichia coli en canales ovinas sometidas a aspersión (4 y 10 h) durante la refrigeración. Métodos: Luego de dos faenas de sacrificio, treinta hisopos fueron colectados en la superficie de las canales antes y después de la última aspersión. En un primer sacrificio (1era colecta) se recolectaron muestras de tres canales sometidas a aspersión (4 horas), tres sin aspersión y una canal como control. En un segundo sacrificio (2da colecta), el mismo número de canales y tratamientos se mantuvo, y el período de aspersión se extendió a 10 horas. Las muestras recogidas fueron aisladas y sometidas a la prueba de susceptibilidad utilizándo 16 (1.ª colecta) y 17 (2.ª colecta) antimicrobianos, respectivamente. Resultados: los aislamientos de E. coli fueron, en general, resistentes a las principales clases de antimicrobianos. Las canales con aspersión y el control (10 h) presentaron resistencia al meropenem. Conclusión: cuando la asperción duró 10 h, los aislados de E. coli presentaron mayor resistencia para una, dos y cuatro clases de antimicrobianos, es decir, fueron multirresistentes a los fármacos utilizados. Esto resalta la necesidad de monitorear el estado de salud durante todos los procesos de producción de carne.
Resumo Antecedentes: bactérias multirresistentes presentes em alimentos de origem animal são motivo de preocupação e alerta na saúde humana e animal. Objetivo: verificar a resistência antimicrobiana em isolados de Escherichia coli de carcaças de ovinos pulverizadas ou não (4 e 10 horas) durante a refrigeração. Métodos: foram coletados trinta swabs de superfície em carcaças antes e após a última aspersão em dois abates. Em outubro do 2015, três carcaças aspergidas foram amostradas, três sem aspersão e uma carcaça para controle, por um período de 4 horas. Em julho de 2016 (2ª coleta), o mesmo número de carcaças e tratamentos foram mantidos e o período de aspersão foi prolongado em 10 horas. As amostras coletadas foram isoladas e submetidas ao teste de susceptibilidade em 16 (1ª coleta) e 17 (2ª coleta) antimicrobianos, respectivamente. Resultados: isolados de E. coli foram, em geral, resistentes às principais classes de antimicrobianos. As carcaças e o controle aspergidos (10 h) apresentaram resistência ao meropenem. Conclusão: quando a aspersão de água durou 10 horas, os isolados de E. coli apresentaram maior resistência antimicrobiana a uma, duas e quatro classes de antimicrobianos, o que é uma multirresistência aos fármacos testados. Isso alerta para a necessidade de monitorar os aspectos de saúde durante todos os processos de produção de carne.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of biocholine powder (BP) added to the concentrate of ewe lambs on growth, rumen fermentation, antioxidant status, and metabolism. Forty-eight Lacaune lambs were divided 3 treatments: T0, T4, and T8, representing 0, 4, and 8 g of BP per animal/day added to the concentrate, respectively. The T4 and T8 lambs had greater average daily gain from d 0-75 (0.22, 0.25, and 0.26 kg/d for T0, T4 and T8, respectively). T4 and T8 lambs had higher methylene blue test results (indicating microbiological activity), and the higher effects were detected for T8 lambs. The BP in lamb's diet increased the ruminal concentration of propionate (T4 and T8). The T8 lambs had greater serum activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione transferase, and lower reactive oxygen species levels. We conclude that BP is a biotechnological additive with high nutritional potential.
RESUMO
Our study aimed to evaluate whether zinc, copper, selenium, and manganese subcutaneous mineral application (trace elements) reduced mortality, improved performance, and modulated oxidant and antioxidant balance in lamb meat, thereby improving its quality. We divided the 110 newborn Lacaune lambs into two groups: non-treated (control), and treated (application of minerals) with three doses of 0.33 mL/kg of body weight mineral complex on days of life 1, 30, and 60. All animals were weighed on day of life 1, 30, 60, 90, and 150. At the end of the experiment, 12 animals were slaughtered for physical and chemical analysis of meat, oxidant, and antioxidant status, and for allometric analysis. Mineral-application animals had greater live-weight (P < 0.05) on days of life 60 and 90. There was an increase in fat thickness (P = 0.004); pH levels (P = 0.002) were lower in mineral-application animal meat than in that of the control group. Meat was paler (according to lightness (L color)) in the control group (P = 0.04). Weight loss from cooking was greater in control animals (P = 0.004). Shear strength values were lower in the meat of treated lambs (P = 0.008) suggesting that mineral application was associated with increased meat tenderness. In addition, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were higher (P = 0.01) in mineral-treated animals, associated with a reduction in reactive oxygen species levels (P < 0.01), and lipid peroxidation products (P = 0.02). These data suggest that mineral application modulated oxidant and antioxidant status, reflecting better meat quality.
