Mesenchymal stem cells induced anti-inflammatory features in B cells from breast tumor draining lymph nodes.

The immune-modulatory effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on B cells in cancer has not been well elucidated. Herein, the interaction between B cells and ASCs isolated from the breast fat of either normal (nASCs) or breast cancer women (cASCs) was investigated. B cells derived from breast tumor draining lymph nodes were co-cultured with nASCs or cASCs and B cells proliferation was assessed in direct and transwell assays. Moreover, B cells were co-cultured with cASCs, nASCs or mesenchymal stromal cells of the tumor tissue (TSCs) and B cell cytokine production was assessed using flow cytometery. cASCs or TSCs were co-cultured with either intact or B cell depleted lymphocytes and frequencies of CD25+ FoxP3+ Tregs, IL-10+ or IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cells were assessed. Results showed that co-culture of B cells with ASCs in transwell chambers did not affect B cell proliferation. nASCs, however, was able to significantly reduce B cell proliferation in direct co-culture experiments (P = 0.004). The frequencies of IL-10+ , TNF-α+ , IL-2+ , and IFN-γ+ B cells were not significantly different in the co-cultures of B cells with ASCs or TSCs. But the TNF-α+ / IL-10+ B cells ratio decreased in all co-cultures, a reduction merely significant in B cell-cASCs co-culture (P = 0.01). The frequencies of CD4+ T cells subsets in either intact or B cell depleted lymphocytes did not undergo significant changes following co-culture with ASCs or TSCs. Therefore, ASCs is capable of inhibiting B cell proliferation in a contact dependent manner and shifting the cytokine profile of B cells toward an anti-inflammatory profile.

The Impact of Verapamil Gel on Efficiency of Tissue Expander Device in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

BACKGROUND: One of the weaknesses of recovering the skin defects by tissue expander device is that it needs relatively long time and it has complications. Since verapamil gel reduces the production of these capsules around silicone prosthesis and reduces the formation of collagen in the capsule areas. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of verapamil gel on efficiency of tissue expander device. METHODS: Twenty patients were allocated equally into control and case groups based on age, sex, and location of the device. In both groups, the devices were placed in the areas needed and the conditions were identical. During the first operation, the length and width of the flaps and the initial size of prosthesis were determined. In the case group, verapamil gel was used daily, while a hydrogel was used as placebo locally in the control group. Then, other indicators were assessed. RESULTS: Verapamil gel had no impact on the length, width, area, and size of placed flaps. The opening degree and necrosis of tissue were not improved in patients of case group after using the gel. The effect of verapamil gel in different age groups and gender of people had no significant difference. CONCLUSION: Verapamil gel was shown not to have any significant impact on efficiency of tissue expander device.

Ten-year experience in face and neck unit reconstruction using tissue expanders.

BACKGROUND: Tissue expansion allows optimal aesthetic reconstruction by the use of a similar adjacent tissue to reconstruct a defect without creation of significant donor site morbidity, especially in the face and upper neck area. METHODS: A total of 78 patients underwent facial reconstruction by insertion of a tissue expander (TE) in the cheek or the neck due to burn scar, traumatic scar, leschmaniasis or large pigmented nevi. RESULTS: All reconstructions were completed satisfactorily; complications were: complete extrusion (2.6%), incomplete extrusion (3.8%), partial necrosis (14.1%), haematoma (6.4%), wide scar (33.3%), hypertrophic scar (17.9%), lower lid ectropion (1.3%), post-expansion atrophy (2.6%), permanent decrement in sensation (1.3%), sagging (14.1%) and infection (2.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The lateral facial areas and neck contain essentially the same type of skin; hence, tissue expansion allows optimal aesthetic reconstruction by the use of a similar adjacent tissue and expanding either the lower face or the neck interchangeably without creation of major donor site morbidity; even when we use free flaps for coverage, although we achieved good contour and sufficient bulk, but due to poor colour match, reconstruction with expanded skin of the upper neck is needed for better result.

Expression profile of IL-8 and growth factors in breast cancer cells and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) isolated from breast carcinoma.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are regarded as a major player of breast cancer microenvironment. By production of various growth factors and expression of regulatory molecules, it is postulated that ASCs protect breast cancer cells from the host immune responses. In this study, the expressions of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CXCL8 (IL-8) in breast cancer cells and adipose-derived stem cells isolated from breast tissue of women with breast cancer were investigated. The results were analyzed comparatively in normal ASCs isolated from healthy normal women. In case of breast cancer tissues, results were analyzed between high stage and low stage patients. The expressions of extracted mRNAs were determined using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. As a result, in breast cancer tissues, IGF-1 and IL-8 mRNAs had 28.6 and 56-fold more expressions in high stage compared to low stage patients. In ASCs, relative quantifications (RQ) of VEGF, IL-8, HGF and IGF-1 was about 2-fold higher in patients than controls. Data of this study conclude that presence of resident ASCs within the scaffold of breast tissue may support breast tumor growth and progression through the expressions of tumor promoting factors.