RESUMO
Prolonged therapy with isoniazid is used for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Drug-induced lupus erythematosus is a rare, adverse event associated with isoniazid use and can complicate treatment, especially if it is associated with pneumonitis. The diagnosis is made by clinical suspicion, elevated serum titers of anti-nuclear antibody and anti-histone antibody, and new ground-glass opacities on chest tomography. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy of affected areas of the lung is useful to increase diagnostic accuracy and differentiate between drug-induced pneumonitis, concomitant infection, or other inflammatory processes. Treatment includes systemic corticosteroids and cessation of isoniazid therapy.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/efeitos adversos , Isoniazida/efeitos adversos , Pneumonia/etiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Broncoscopia , Duração da Terapia , Humanos , Isoniazida/uso terapêutico , Pulmão/microbiologia , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/fisiologia , Pneumonia/diagnóstico , Pneumonia/diagnóstico por imagem , Tuberculose Pulmonar/complicações , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologiaAssuntos
COVID-19/terapia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/terapia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/virologia , Células-Tronco Adultas/transplante , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2/uso terapêutico , Azitromicina/uso terapêutico , Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos , COVID-19/complicações , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/métodos , Humanos , Hidroxicloroquina/uso terapêutico , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Plasma , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapêutico , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Significance: Keratinocytes, a major cellular component of the epidermis, are responsible for restoring the epidermis after injury through a process termed epithelialization. This review will focus on the pivotal role of keratinocytes in epithelialization, including cellular processes and mechanisms of their regulation during re-epithelialization, and their cross talk with other cell types participating in wound healing. Recent Advances: Discoveries in epidermal stem cells, keratinocyte immune function, and the role of the epidermis as an independent neuroendocrine organ will be reviewed. Novel mechanisms of gene expression regulation important for re-epithelialization, including microRNAs and histone modifications, will also be discussed. Critical Issues: Epithelialization is an essential component of wound healing used as a defining parameter of a successful wound closure. A wound cannot be considered healed in the absence of re-epithelialization. The epithelialization process is impaired in all types of chronic wounds. Future Directions: A comprehensive understanding of the epithelialization process will ultimately lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to promote wound closure.
RESUMO
The in vitro photodynamic therapy activity of four imidazole-substituted metalloporphyrins has been studied using human (HeLa) and mouse (CT26) cancer cell lines: an anionic Zn porphyrin and a homologous series of three cationic Zn, Pd or InCl porphyrins. A dramatic difference in phototoxicity was found: Pd cationic>InCl cationic>Zn cationic>Zn anionic. HeLa cells were more susceptible than CT26 cells. Induction of apoptosis was demonstrated using a fluorescent caspase assay. The anionic Zn porphyrin localized in lysosomes while the cationic Zn porphyrin localized in lysosomes and mitochondria, as assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Studies using fluorescent probes suggested that the cationic Pd porphyrin produced more hydroxyl radicals as the reactive oxygen species. Thus, the cationic Pd porphyrin has high potential as a photosensitizer and gives insights into characteristics for improved molecular designs.