RESUMO
In the current work, a new generalized model of heat conduction has been constructed taking into account the influence of the microscopic structure into the on non-simple thermoelastic materials. The new model was established on the basis of the system of equations that includes three-phase lags of higher-order and two different temperatures, namely thermodynamic and conductive temperature. The two-temperature thermoelastic model presented by Chen and Gurtin (Z Angew Math Phys 19(4):614-627, 1968) and some other previous models have been introduced as special cases from the proposed model. As an application of the new model, we studied the thermoelastic interactions resulting from sudden heating in an isotropic solid subjected to external body force. The influence of the discrepancy parameter and higher-order of the time-derivative has been discussed. This work will enable future investigators to gain insight into non-simple thermoelasticity with different phase delays of higher-order in detail.
RESUMO
A survey was conducted in a low-endemic and in a non-endemic area of Sudan to evaluate the specificity and efficiency of different serological antibody detection techniques for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Comparisons were made of the card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (CATT) on diluted blood, on diluted plasma and on eluates from blood dried on filter paper, the LATEX test on diluted plasma and an ELISA on diluted plasma and filter paper. The specificities of all the serological tests were not significantly different from CATT on diluted blood (99.5%). The specificity of CATT on diluted blood was similar (99.3%). The highest sensitivities (100%) were observed with CATT on diluted blood and with CATT and LATEX on diluted plasma. CATT on diluted blood was more cost-efficient than the classic test, CATT on whole blood.
Assuntos
Testes de Aglutinação/métodos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Testes de Fixação do Látex/métodos , Trypanosoma brucei gambiense/imunologia , Tripanossomíase Africana/diagnóstico , Testes de Aglutinação/economia , Testes de Aglutinação/normas , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/imunologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/parasitologia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Estudos Transversais , Doenças Endêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/economia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/normas , Hematócrito , Humanos , Testes de Fixação do Látex/economia , Testes de Fixação do Látex/normas , Linfa/parasitologia , Programas de Rastreamento , Parasitologia/economia , Parasitologia/métodos , Vigilância da População , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Sudão/epidemiologia , Tripanossomíase Africana/sangue , Tripanossomíase Africana/epidemiologia , Tripanossomíase Africana/imunologiaRESUMO
A survey was conducted in a low-endemic and in a non-endemic area of Sudan to evaluate the specificity and efficiency of different serological antibody detection techniques for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Comparisons were made of the card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis [CATT] on diluted blood, on diluted plasma and on eluates from blood dried on filter paper, the LATEX test on diluted plasma and an ELISA on diluted plasma and filter paper. The specificities of all the serological tests were not significantly different from CATT on diluted blood [99.5%]. The specificity of CATT on diluted blood was similar [99.3%]. The highest sensitivities [100%] were observed with CATT on diluted blood and with CATT and LATEX on diluted plasma. CATT on diluted blood was more cost-efficient than the classic test, CATT on whole blood
Assuntos
Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Tripanossomíase AfricanaRESUMO
Condensation of 5-formyl-6-methoxy-2,3-diphenylbenzofuran (I) and 6-formyl-5-methoxy-2,3-diphenylbenzofuran (II) with aliphatic or aromatic primary amines led to the formation of the corresponding anils (IIIa-k and IVa-c). The anils (IIIa,f,k or IVa-c) reacted with ethyl cyanoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, or diethyl malonate to form the respective esters (Va-c or VIa-c). When Va-c or VIa-c were treated with pyridine hydrochloride, demethylation occurred followed by cyclization to form the corresponding furocoumarins (VIIa-c or VIIIa-c). Reduction of the anils using sodium borohydride furnished the corresponding Mannich bases (Xa-d and XI). The antimicrobial activity of compounds IIIi, IVc, Va, VIa, and VIIIa was investigated.
