Correlation of FIRE-MADE (Frailty Index in Rural Elderly - Mental Status, Activities of Daily Living, Depression, and Events) With Sarcopenia in Elderly Population of Central Rural India.

Introduction Ageing results in the deprivation of various physiological reserves and resources resulting in the development of frailty. Frailty in turn brings various morbidities and dependence on others for the survival of an individual making him weak and vulnerable to various infective and non-infective insults leading to death. The present study assessed frailty in rural older adults of central India by using the Frailty Index in Rural Elderly - Mental Status, Activities of Daily Living, Depression, and Events (FIRE-MADE) and correlated it with sarcopenia assessed by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) and European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) criteria. Materials This study was a prospective cross-sectional study, involving 250 older adults (i.e. age >60 years) with good functional status (i.e. able to perform basic activities of daily living or more), visiting the Medicine Department of Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH), Sawangi, Wardha, from December 2019 to May 2020. Frailty was assessed and estimated by FIRE-MADE frailty index (FI) and then correlated it with sarcopenia assessed by AWGS and EWGSOP2 criteria. And effects of various parameters of FIRE-MADE (like mental status, functional status, depression, polypharmacy, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive airway disease, ischemic heart disease, stroke and cancer) and sarcopenia on frailty were studied. Results The mean age of the present study group was 68.08±4.46 years. Out of 250, 204 (91.07%) were frail and 178 (71.2%) were sarcopenic, and among the whole study population, 72 (28.8%) were severely frail, whereas 89 (35.6%) were severely sarcopenic. Frailty and sarcopenia increase with an increase in age. Females were more sarcopenic than males in all age groups. All the components of FIRE-MADE were significant contributors to frailty, but sarcopenia was the most important factor, with an odds ratio of 295.00. Conclusion In the rural regions of India, there is an elevated probability of frailty, with sarcopenia being the main reason behind it.

Enhancement of pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis by gamma rays.

Studies were conducted on the enhancement of pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis by gamma rays on various species of termites. The results showed that the 72 hrs old and 60 or 70 kr irradiated culture of B. thuringiensis were more pathogenic than the non-irradiated ones. 168 hrs old and 150 kr (1.5 kGy) irradiated B. thuringiensis caused quicker mortality rate than the non-irradiated one as it shows maximum enhancement ratio (1.32).