[Using modern information technology in the practice of the sanitary-epidemiological surveiliance during the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games in Sochi].

To improve the sanitary and epidemiological surveillance at the Olympic Games has developed a system of GIS for monitoring objects and situations in the region of Sochi. The system is based on software package ArcGIS, version 10.2 server, with Web-java.lang. Object, Web-server Apach, and software developed in language java. During th execution of the tasks are solved: the stratification of the region of the Olympic Games for the private and aggregate epidemiological risk OCI various eti- ologies, ranking epidemiologically important facilities for the sanitary and hygienic conditions, monitoring of infectious diseases (in real time according to the preliminary diagnosis). GIS monitoring has shown its effectiveness: Information received from various sources, but focused on one portal. Information was available in real time all the specialists involved in ensuring epidemiological well-being and use at work during the Olympic Games in Sochi.

[Epidemiological risk of introduction of dangerous and exotic infectious diseases on the territory of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games 2014 in Sochi].

To assess the epidemiological risk of introduction of serious infectious diseases in the pre-Olympic period defined list of dangerous and exotic infections and held assessment of potential danger threatening. Initial external information to assess the potential risk of skidding were reports, forecasts, posted on the official websites. The risk of skidding and epidemiological complications conditionally designated as high, moderate and minimal risk importation of measles virus-Rate was considered as high. In confirmation of the forecast for the period of the Olympic Games in Sochi have been registered about 100 cases of measles. Moderate risk of importation was determined for poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus, Lassa fever, cholera, plague, and the minimal--for Dengue fever, yellow fever, the Middle East and respiratory syndrome, diseases caused by viruses Marburg and Ebola. Based on of analysis of previous Olympic Games and subsequent co-events related to the activity of the infectious diseases in the world, mate-cluded that even a slight risk of importation of infectious diseases requires maximum alertness and readiness to conduct adequate epidemiological issues incorporated.

[CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS IN WORKERS OF CHEMICALLY HAZARDOUS ENTERPRISES WITH THE DIFFERENT HEALTH STATUS].

UNLABELLED: OBJECTIVES. Chromosomal aberrations (CAs) are the one of the most sensitive biomarikers of biological effects from the hazardous environmental exposure. In this relation the comparison of cytogenetical indices in persons, exposed to the complex of factors of chemically hazard enterprises, with the presence of occupationally caused diseases seems to be very perspective for the understanding of the role of the contribution of genotoxical impact of occupational factors into staff morbidity. METHODS. Cytogenetical analysis was performed in 138 employees of chemically hazardous enterprises, including 84 patients, who need for establishment of the causation of diseases with the work in conditions of chemical plant and 54 persons without need for hospitalization according to results of the previous examination. Comparison group was consisted of 55 persons. There was performed the comparison of cytogenetical indices and commensuration of ratios of persons with individual high CAs levels and also carriers of exchange aberrations of chromosomal type in different groups of examined cases. RESULTS. There was shown statistically significant increase of the rate of CAs level including unexpectedly high level of dicentric and ring chromosomes in the group of 84 hospitalized patients. There was revealed statistically significant gain in the share of persons with CAs rate more then 5% (p < 0.01) and/or carriers of dicentrics and ring chronosomes (p < 0.5) in this group. CONCLUSION: It is possible to suggest that genotoxical impact plays a significant role in the mechanism of appearance of diseases etiologically related with the work on the enterprise of the high chemical risk.

[Smoking as an additional risk factor for the staff of chemically hazardous production facilities].

One of the factors that increase the risk of genotoxic effects in the staff of chemically hazardous production facilities is smoking. There was performed the cytogenetic study in 104 males working with highly toxic chemicals, 71 people out of which were smokers and 33--non-smokers. No statistically significant differences were revealed between groups of smokers and nonsmokers. Among smokers 39 males smoked more than 15 cigarettes per day and were referred to the group of "heavy smokers", 32 cases were light smokers (less than 15 cigarettes per day). The level of chromatid exchanges and exchange of chromosomal aberrations (dicentric and ring chromosomes, atypical atypical monocentrics) in the group of "heavy smokers" were shown to be significant higher than in non-smokers and light smokers groups. Our data confirm the synergistic effect of smoking and the factors of increased chemical hazards.

[Cytogenetical alterations in the workers of higher chemical hazard enterprises in accordance with duration of the employment period].

Cytogenetical examination was performed in 135 workers of higher chemical hazard enterprises with the duration of the employment period from 1 to 23 years. Weak, but statistically significant correlations were observed between indices: the total rate of chromosome aberrations (CA) (Tau = 0.14, p < 0.05), the rate of single fragments (Tau = 0.12, p = 0.01), the rate of ring chronosomes (Tau= 0.12, p = 0.04), the rate of double fragments (Tau = 0.13, p = 0.02), the rate of chromosomal exchange aberrations of chromosome type (Tau = 0.13, p < 0.03) and "the rate of multiaberrant metaphases" (Tau = 0.2, p = 0.0008) and the duration of the employment period at the higher chemical hazard enterprises. The rates of all types of CA was significantly higher in the group with duration of the employment period more than 5 years the significant exceedance of the control level was observed only for the total rate of CA and the rate of single fragments. Other CA types do not significantly exceed control indices. The ratio of carriers of CA of exchange type in the long standing group was significantly higher than in the short standing group, in that ring chromosomes were observed in the long standing group. Differences in the ratio of persons with the normal and increased levels of CA were statistically significant.

[Cytogenetic examination of the workers of higher chemical hazard enterprises and the population of the nearby territories].

Cytogenetical examination was made in 49 workers of higher chemical hazard enterprises and 26 dwellers from industrial communities, who were engaged in enterprise security. Analysis of chromosome aberrations (CA) in the examined groups revealed a 1.8-fold increase in total CA rates in the industrial community dwellers securing the enterprise as compared to the controls mainly due to the rise in the rate of single fragments. At the same time in the enterprise workers, the total level of CA was 2.36- and 4.1-fold greater than that in the population of industrial communities and in the controls, respectively; and it was also characterized by a broad spectrum of CA with the increased number of both chromatid and chromosomal exchange aberrations.

[A cytogenetic study of the human chorion for the purpose of the prenatal diagnosis of hereditary diseases]. / Tsitologicheskoe issledovanie khoriona cheloveka s tsel'iu prenatal'noi diagnostiki nasledstvennykh boleznei.

Cytogenetical investigation of 50 diagnostic chorionic villus samples from women with a high risk of giving birth to babies with chromosomal and genic pathology, and of 128 chorionic samples obtained from medical abortions, both on the 8-12th weeks of gestation was performed by means of original direct chromosomal analysis. Chromosomal anomalies were found in 6 cases of diagnostic chorion biopsies (12%) and in 4 cases (3%) of medical abortions. The former group included 5 embryos with autosomal trisomy (4--Ts21 and 1--Ts13) and one embryo with monosomy 18. The latter group contained 2 embryos with X-chromosome monosomy and 2 other with chromosomal mosaicism. A significant prevalence of the female sex was found in the diagnostic group (sex ratio 0.56), but not in the medical abortion one (sex ratio 1.0). Analysis of routine chromosomal preparations and those after in situ hybridization with X-chromosome alfoid-probe YAP 1-10 revealed polyploidy in average in 0.8-1% chorion cells. The feasible causes of sex ratio distortion in embryos of diagnostic group and factors responsible for the rate of polyploidy are discussed. High reliability of originally elaborated direct "shaking-blotting" method of chromosomal preparations from chorionic villus samples is stressed.