Characterization of Vascular Patterns Associated with Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage in Early- and Late-Onset Preeclampsia.

This paper provides an assessment of molecular and functional changes in blood vessels, and a description of vascular patterns during preeclampsia (PE). Patients with normal pregnancy, and pregnancy complicated by PE at earlier (20-34 weeks) and later terms (≥34 weeks) underwent a 24 h monitoring of blood pressure, central hemodynamics, arterial stiffness, and myocardial function. The blood levels of the structural components of endothelial glycocalyx (eGC): syndecan-1 (SDC 1), heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2), and hyaluronic acid (HA) were determined. In early-onset PE, the vascular pattern comprised changes in all structural components of eGCs, including transmembrane proteoglycans levels, and severe disorders of central hemodynamics, arterial stiffness, and myocardial changes, probably leading to more severe course of PE and the formation of morphological grounds for cardiovascular disorders. The vascular pattern in late-onset PE, including changes in HA levels, central hemodynamics, and myocardial function, may be a signal of potential cardiovascular disorder. PE may change adaptive hemodynamic responses to a pathological reaction affecting both arterial elasticity and the left ventricular myocardium, with its subsequent hypertrophy and decompensation, leading to a delayed development of cardiovascular disorders after PE. Further clinical studies of these indicators will possibly identify predictors of PE and long-term consequences of the disease.

Repertoire of glycan-binding placenta-associated antibodies in healthy pregnancy and in pre-eclampsia.

A possible mechanism of the immune tolerance in pregnancy is production of blocking antibodies which reside in placenta and protect foetal allogeneic cells from the mother's immune system. Their epitope specificity, as well as the nature of the biomolecules masked by them, is unknown. For better understanding of this phenomenon, we attempted to characterize the specificity of antibodies isolated from placentas of women with healthy pregnancy and pre-eclampsia (PE). It was found that: (1) the repertoire of placental antibodies is significantly less variable and qualitatively different from the peripheral blood; (2) with PE, the repertoire of placental antibodies is narrower than in healthy pregnancy; (3) some antibodies are found almost exclusively in the placenta, and some - only in the placenta of healthy women.

Epithelial apical glycosylation changes associated with thin endometrium in women with infertility - a pilot observational study.

BACKGROUND: Low endometrial receptivity is one of the major factors affecting successful implantation in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Infertile patients with thin endometrium have a significantly lower cumulative clinical pregnancy rate than patients with normal endometrium. Molecular pathophysiology of low receptivity of thin endometrium remains understudied. We have investigated composition of glycocalyx of the apical surface of luminal and glandular epithelial cells in thin endometrium of infertile women. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with tubal-peritoneal infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) were included in the study. Endometrial samples were obtained in a natural menstrual cycle. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with normal endometrium (≥8 mm) and with thin endometrium (< 8 mm). Histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded endometrial samples was performed using six biotinylated lectins (UEA-I, MAL-II, SNA, VVL, ECL, Con A) and anti-LeY and MECA-79 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). RESULTS: Complex glycans analysis taking into account the adjusted specificity of glycan-binding MAbs revealed 1.3 times less expression of MECA-79 glycans on the apical surface of the luminal epithelial cells of thin endometrium compared to normal endometrium; this deficiency may adversely affect implantation, since MECA-79 glycans are a ligand of L-selectin and mediate intercellular interactions. The glycans containing a type-2 unit Galß1-4GlcNAcß (LacNAc) but lacking sulfo-residues at 6-OH of GlcNAcß, and binding to MECA-79 MAbs were found; they can be considered as potential markers of endometrium receptivity. Expression of the lectins-stained glycans on the apical surfaces of the luminal and glandular epithelial cells did not differ significantly. Correlation between the expression of difucosylated oligosaccharide LeY on the apical surfaces of the luminal and glandular epithelial cells was found in patients with thin endometrium and recurrent implantation failure. A similar relationship was shown for mannose-rich glycans. CONCLUSIONS: Specific features of key glycans expression in epithelial compartments of thin endometrium may be essential for morphogenesis of the endometrial functional layer and explain its low receptivity.

Repertoire of Abs primed by bacteria in gnotobiotic mice.

Innate immunity natural Abs (NAbs) execute a number of functions, including protection and surveillance. Despite active research, the stimuli that induce the formation of NAbs are still described only hypothetically. Here, we compared repertoires of anti-glycan Abs in the peripheral blood of mice that received per os various bacteria. The repertoires of Abs of mice primed in this way were compared using a microarray that included about 350 glycans, as well as 150 bacterial polysaccharides. Sterile mice did not possess anti-glycan Abs. Oral inoculation of a single strain or combination of two to four strains of bacteria, as well as putting the animals on short-term nutrition with non-sterile food, did not contribute significantly to the formation of Abs, whereas a single gavage of digested food of non-sterile mice induced the formation of a repertoire close to the natural ones. Interestingly, the priming with polysaccharide Ags (in a composition of the bacterial cell envelope), that is, dominant Ags of bacteria, led to the induction of Abs against typical glycans of mammalian glycoproteins and glycolipids (e.g. Abs of the ABH blood group system) that do not have a structural similarity to the polysaccharides. The results support the importance of early contact with a naïve immune system with microorganisms of the environment to form a normal NAbs repertoire.