RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected millions of people globally. Many recent studies have suggested that the ABO blood type may contribute to COVID-19 infection immunopathogenesis. We aimed to determine the proportional distribution of COVID-19 infection among ABO blood types. METHODOLOGY: This retrospective research was conducted in the city of Jodhpur (Rajasthan), India. The research involved 1140 COVID-19 patients, whose medical records were available in blood banks. The data was evaluated statistically using IBM SPSS 26. RESULTS: The proportion of blood group B among infected patients was highest (37.36%). Among all the cases, blood group A had the highest odds ratio of 1.062 (CI 95%, 0.92-1.21, p = 0.412). All versus one blood group analysis also showed that blood group A (odds ratio = 1.062 [CI 95%, 0.92-1.22] p = 0.412) was more likely to be infected with COVID-19 than the remaining blood groups. In the year 2021, blood group B had the highest risk of COVID-19 infection (odds ratio = 1.138). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, the blood groups A and B are more likely to be infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The overall average age for COVID-19 infection was lower, and the number of incidences in female patients was higher in 2021, relative to 2020. We found no evident relationship between COVID-19 vulnerabilities and blood group. A summary of the research is presented in Supplementary Figure 1.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Feminino , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos , Índia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: In this study, we are trying to find out viral aetiology in paediatric age group patients from 1 month to 15 years of age in Western Rajasthan region. METHODS: A total of 105 patients from 1 month to 15 years were recruited into this study. CSF samples were collected and were processed by multiplex real-time PCR for detection of various predefined panels of viral agents. ELISA was also done for all samples for detection of dengue, JE, measles and mumps. RESULTS: A total of 32 samples out of 105 were tested positive for viral agents. Viral aetiology detected in this study were Adenovirus (n â= â2), EBV (n â= â1), HHV-1 (n â= â10), HHV-6 (N â= â5), Parechovirus (n â= â1), Parvovirus B19 (n â= â7), Dengue (n â= â2) and Measles (n â= â1). Mixed infections were also detected, HHV-1 and HHV-6 (n â= â2), HHV-1 and Parvovirus B19 (n â= â1). In 73 patients no viral aetiology could be detected. CONCLUSIONS: Parvovirus B19 is sporadically prevalent in this geographical region. In this study, HHV-6 was also found which has not been reported earlier from India.
Assuntos
Encefalopatia Aguda Febril , Dengue , Sarampo , Parvovirus B19 Humano , Criança , DNA Viral , Dengue/epidemiologia , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Parvovirus B19 Humano/genéticaRESUMO
From March to June 2021, India experienced a deadly second wave of COVID-19, with an increased number of post-vaccination breakthrough infections reported across the country. To understand the possible reason for these breakthroughs, we collected 677 clinical samples (throat swab/nasal swabs) of individuals from 17 states/Union Territories of the country who had received two doses (n = 592) and one dose (n = 85) of vaccines and tested positive for COVID-19. These cases were telephonically interviewed and clinical data were analyzed. A total of 511 SARS-CoV-2 genomes were recovered with genome coverage of higher than 98% from both groups. Analysis of both groups determined that 86.69% (n = 443) of them belonged to the Delta variant, along with Alpha, Kappa, Delta AY.1, and Delta AY.2. The Delta variant clustered into four distinct sub-lineages. Sub-lineage I had mutations in ORF1ab A1306S, P2046L, P2287S, V2930L, T3255I, T3446A, G5063S, P5401L, and A6319V, and in N G215C; Sub-lineage II had mutations in ORF1ab P309L, A3209V, V3718A, G5063S, P5401L, and ORF7a L116F; Sub-lineage III had mutations in ORF1ab A3209V, V3718A, T3750I, G5063S, and P5401L and in spike A222V; Sub-lineage IV had mutations in ORF1ab P309L, D2980N, and F3138S and spike K77T. This study indicates that majority of the breakthrough COVID-19 clinical cases were infected with the Delta variant, and only 9.8% cases required hospitalization, while fatality was observed in only 0.4% cases. This clearly suggests that the vaccination does provide reduction in hospital admission and mortality.
