One-year oral health outcome of a community-based trial in schoolchildren aged 6-7 years old in Tehran, Iran.

Promoting schoolchildren's oral health is important, particularly in developing countries. This study was conducted to monitor the oral health of schoolchildren aged 6-7 years old following the implementation of an oral health promotion program in Tehran, Iran. The protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Code: IRCT20090307001749N4). A cluster random sampling method was applied, and the schools were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. An intervention package consisting of a one-day workshop for parents and supervised toothbrushing for children was employed. In both groups, the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) and Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S) were evaluated at baseline and at one-year follow-up in addition to the questionnaire data. Clinical data were collected by calibrated examiners at both intervals (Kappa = 89.8%, 87.68%) and analyzed using the SPSS software ver. 22.0. Of 739 children included at baseline, 593 were re-examined after one year (response rate = 74%). According to the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) analysis, considering the confounding effect of time, significantly more children in the control group had deciduous molars with a score of 3 and higher compared to the intervention group (OR = 1.79; 95% CI:1.17-2.73, p = 0.007). The oral hygiene status of the children significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the controls (B = -0.27; 95% CI: -0.45 --0.08, p = 0.005). After one year, the improvement in the oral health-related attitude of parents and children's oral health behavior was marginally significant in the intervention group compared to the control group [0.2 (0.17) vs. -0.13 (0.05), p = 0.096] and [0.06 (0.06) vs. -0.05 (0.04), p = 0.09], respectively. However, the impact on the oral health-related knowledge and self-reported behavior of the parents was not significant. In the intervention group, children had less caries and a better oral hygiene status compared to the controls after one year.

Acquired lymphangioma circumscriptum secondary to tuberculosis: A rare case report.

Lymphangioma circumscriptum is a benign lymphatic malformation that usually presents at birth or early childhood. Acquired oral lymphangioma has been reported secondary to radiation therapy and denture-induced trauma due to damage to previously normal lymphatics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of acquired oral lymphangioma due to childhood tuberculous adenitis.

The effect of low-level laser radiation and doxycycline on the levels of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand.

The present in vitro study was conducted to investigate the effect of low-level laser (LLL) radiation and doxycycline on the levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) derived from MG-63 osteosarcoma cell line. MG-63 cells were divided into four groups. In the first group, 2 mg/mL of doxycycline was injected into the cell culture medium. Diode laser (810 nm, 100 mw, 75 s) was radiated to the culture medium of the second group. The third group received both doxycycline and laser radiation. In the fourth group (control), the culture medium was replaced daily, similar to the above three groups. Mentioned interventions were performed once a day for 4 consecutive days. Then, on the sixth day, the levels of OPG and RANKL mediators were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction by isolating the cells from the samples. OPG expression had the highest to lowest levels in the laser + doxycycline, doxycycline, laser, and control groups, respectively. The level of OPG was significantly different between all the study groups (p < 0.05) except in the doxycycline + laser and doxycycline groups (p = 0.061). The highest to lowest levels of RANKL was observed in the doxycycline, laser + doxycycline, control, and laser groups, respectively. The RANKL expression was not significantly different between all the study groups (p > 0.05). The results of this study revealed that LLL and doxycycline reduced the RANKL/OPG ratio derived from the MG-63 osteosarcoma cell line, which may result in the diminished activity of osteoclasts and osteoclastogenesis.

Evaluation of the Shear Bond Strength and Adhesive Remnant Index in Debonding of Stainless Steel Brackets Assisted with Nd:YAG Laser Irradiation.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose was to compare shear bond strength (SBS), pulp temperature, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) in debonding of stainless steel brackets from enamel surface using neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser versus the conventional debonding method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight extracted premolars were bonded to stainless steel brackets. The samples were divided into three experimental groups and one control group. In the first three groups, Nd:YAG laser was used for debonding with the power of 1, 1.5, and 2 W, respectively, for 10 seconds. The SBS and ARI of the samples were assessed. Pulp temperature was recorded before and after irradiation. Two samples from each group were used for determining enamel morphology after debonding using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: The mean SBS in the groups was 33.05, 28.69, 24.37, and 31.53 MPa, respectively, with no statistically significant differences (P=0.205). Significant differences in post-irradiation temperature were noted among the lased groups (P=0.000). Debonding mainly occurred at the adhesive-enamel interface in the 1-W laser and control groups and at the bracket-adhesive interface in the 1.5-W and 2-W laser groups. Enamel structure was amorphous and irregular following laser irradiation. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, the use of Nd:YAG laser could not significantly affect the SBS. Therefore, this laser would not be suitable for debonding of metal brackets. The use of a 2-W laser could significantly raise the pulpal temperature. Nd:YAG laser renders a more heterogeneous enamel morphology compared to conventional debonding methods.

Association between tooth impaction and odontogenic lesions: A matched case-control study.

Background: Impacted tooth is common in dental practice. Dentists usually remove them if they are associated with any pathologic sign or symptom. The challenge is whether to extract the asymptomatic tooth or not. This study was conducted to determine the association between developmental odontogenic cysts and tumors and impacted and unerupted teeth, if left untreated. Methods: In this matched case-control study, 262 participants were recruited in case and control groups to evaluate the association between the presence of odontogenic cyst and tumors and unerupted and impacted teeth in patient records in the School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences during 2000-2002. The controls referred to a dental radiology center for routine OPG. We also recorded the data on age, gender, the involved jaw, and type of lesion. All patients' records were reviewed by the research director and an oral pathologist separately. The variables that were matched as confounders were age, gender, and the site of the involved jaw. Results: Results of conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of odontogenic lesions was associated with impacted teeth (OR = 6.9), and not associated with the involved jaw and unerupted teeth. Conclusion: Impacted teeth could be considered as a potential risk factor for the presence of odontogenic lesions.

Autotransplantation and Orthodontic Treatment after Maxillary Central Incisor Region Trauma: A 13-Year Follow-Up Case Report Study.

The anterior maxilla is the most prone region to the trauma during childhood, and tooth loss sometimes happens due to trauma. Replacing the missing teeth has always been one of the dentists' challenges in children and adolescents, since their dentofacial growth is not complete. Autotransplantation of mandibular premolars with two-thirds or three-quarters of root formation provides the best prognosis for the tooth survival. This case report describes the management of a 10-year-old boy suffering a severe dental injury who received the autotransplantation of the premolars from mandible to restore the space caused by trauma in maxillary central incisor region and a 13-year follow-up of the autotransplantation.