[Epidemiological data on salmonellosis due to Salmonella enteritidis in some areas of the Russian Federation]. / Epidemiologicheskie dannye o sal'monelleze, obuslovlennom Salmonella enteritidis, na nekotorykh territoriiakh Rossiiskoi Federatsii.

A rise in morbidity caused by S. enteritidis at individual territories of the Russian Federation in the second half of 1980s was due to the consumption of insufficiently heated infected chicken eggs and the nonobservance of sanitary and hygienic rules in the preparation of food from chicken meat. The spread of S. enteritidis in the Russian Federation occurred mainly at the territories supplied with incubator eggs from the same poultry-breeding enterprise. S. enteritidis strains isolated from infected patients, chicken eggs, follicles and chicken-meat products belonged to biovar Jena (as a rule, to phagovar 1), had plasmid with a mol. wt. of 38 MD, produced no aerobactin, and their overwhelming majority was resistant to antibiotics.

[The action of lactoperoxidase, lactoferrin and lactoglobulin on Shigella sonnei in an in-vivo experiment]. / Deistvie laktoperoksidazy, laktoferrina i laktoglobulina na Shigella sonnei v éksperimente in vivo.

The synergism of the protective action of lactoperoxidase, lactoferrin and lactoglobulin obtained from cow milk, as well as lactoferrin obtained from human milk, was shown in experiments on white mice, infected intranasally with S. sonnei and used as an experimental model. The combined administration of these preparations in doses, each one having no protective action, contributed to the elimination of the bacteria from the lungs and prevented the death of the animals. This phenomenon was found to be nonspecific and suitable for use in the development of preparations for passive immunization against a wide spectrum of microorganisms.

[The characteristics of cryptosporidiosis prevalence in Nizhni Novgorod Province]. / Osobennosti rasprostraneniia kriptosporidioza v Nizhnegorodskoi oblasti.

A total of 4070 patients with acute intestinal diseases were tested for cryptosporidiosis in 1989, 1806 of these without diarrhea (controls), 286 of them working at slaughter houses, milk-packing plants and dairy plants, 192 subjects with a history of contacts with cryptosporidiosis patients in the focus of the disease, and 7 animals. Cryptosporidiosis was responsible for 3.2% of acute intestinal conditions in children; cryptosporidia oocysts were not detected in adults or healthy subjects. The high risk group invasion has made up 2.7%. Two cases of the invasion were detected among subjects with a history of contacts with cryptosporidiosis patients, this making up 1.04%, none of them presenting with any clinical symptoms of the invasion.

[Group cryptosporidiosis morbidity in children]. / Gruppovye zabolevaniia kriptosporidiozom detei.

The group morbidity with cryptosporidiosis (13 cases) was recorded in infants from a somatic hospital and a nursery school and also among unorganized groups. The factor of transmission was kefir prepared in the nursery milk kitchen. Cryptosporidian oocysts were not found in the personnel of the kitchen. It was supposed that the contamination of milk by oocysts occurred on milk farm. Single oocysts were found in milk sediments on the filter taken from a tank at a milk factory.

[The specificity of Campylobacter jejuni antigens in immunoenzyme analysis]. / Spetsifichnost' antigenov Campylobacter jejuni v immunofermentnom analize.

The surface antigen has been obtained from C. jejuni culture and its immunochemical analysis has been carried out by the methods of immunoelectrophoresis, double diffusion with homologous and heterologous rabbit sera. The protein profile of this antigen has been studied by means of vertical electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel with sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the molecular weight of the protein components of the antigen has been determined. The presence of anti-Campylobacter antibodies has been revealed in a number of rabbit sera by enzyme immunoassay techniques. The results thus obtained indicate the possibility of developing the enzyme immunoassay for the determination of antibodies in the sera of patients with Campylobacter infection.

[Experience in isolating Campylobacter jejuni from patients with acute intestinal diseases]. / Opyt vydeleniia Campylobacter jejuni ot bol'nykh s ostrymi kishechnymi zabolevaniiami.

Erythrite agar, a commercial culture medium produced by the Research Institute for Culture Media (Makhachkala, USSR), is suitable for the cultivation of C. jejuni after the addition of hemolized sheep blood. The addition of antibiotics to the medium permits its use for the isolation of C. jejuni from feces. By means of this medium C. jejuni has been isolated from the feces of 10% of patients hospitalized on account of acute infectious intestinal diseases.

[Interrelation of the enterotoxigenic properties and the antigenic structure of Escherichia]. / O vzaimosviazi énterotoksigennykh svoistv i antigennoi struktury ésherikhii.

The enzymatic signs and serological characteristics of Escherichia enterotoxigenic strains isolated from patients with acute intestinal diseases and from healthy persons were studied. The cultures were subdivided into 24 enzymatic variants and classified with 48 serogroups and 61 serovars. The enterotoxigenic properties of the strains were compared with their serological characteristics and enzymatic signs. The strains, isolated from different persons and classified with the same serovar, belonged to the same variant with respect to the type of enterotoxin they produced (only thermostable enterotoxin, only thermolabile enterotoxin, or both), were similar in the degree of their toxigenicity and belonged, as a rule, to the same enzymatic variant. The data on the presence of manifest interrelation between the enteropathogenicity of Escherichia and their structure, as well as on the stability of the enterotoxigenic properties of these organisms, indicate that in acute intestinal diseases the determination of Escherichia enterotoxigenic strains can be carried out by common bacteriological techniques with the use of specific agglutinating sera.

[Effect of plasmids for multiple antibiotic resistance on the change in Salmonella typhimurium phagovar]. / Vliianie plazmid mnozhestvennoi ustoichivosti k antibiotikam na izmenenie fagovara Salmonella typhimurium.

The data on the influence of acquired plasmid resistance to antibiotics on S. typhimurium phagovar. Plasmid R was transferred from S. typhimurium strain, isolated from the focus of hospital salmonellosis and resistant to the lytic action of phages, to Escherichia coli K12 and then to antibiotic-sensitive S. typhimurium strains of different phagovars, isolated from patients with alimentary toxicoinfections. The influence of plasmid R on the phagovar of recipient strains, most pronounced in strains of phagovar I, was revealed. The transconjugates of this phagovar considerably changed sensitivity to phages and in some cases acquired resistance to the lytic action of typing phages, thus becoming identical in this feature to the donor of the plasmid.

[Experimental study of the preventive properties of immune milk containing Shigella antibodies]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie preventivnykh svoistv immunnogo moloka, soderzhashchego protivoshigelleznye antitela.

The protective properties of the mammary gland secretions of cows immunized with Shigella sonnei into the udder were studied. As a model for this study the intranasal and intraperitoneal infection of white mice was used. Immune milk was found to have pronounced protective properties against S. sonnei. When introduced intraperitoneally, this milk protected the animals infected with S. sonnei from death. When introduced intranasally, it not only protected the animals from death, but perceptibly inhibited the development of the pathological process in the pulmonary tissue, preventing the multiplication of shigellae and accelerating the elimination of the infective agents from the lungs of the infected animals. As a rule, the degree of protective action was determined by the level of antibodies to shigellae in the substrate under test.

[Salivary antibodies of Sonnei dysentery reconvalescents and healthy subjects with different probable risks of infection by Shigellae]. / Antitela v sliune rekonvalestsentov dizenterii Zonne i zdorovykh liudei s raznoi veroiatnost'iu riska zarazheniia shigellami.

The presence of homologous IgA and IgG was revealed in the saliva of convalescent patients with Sh. sonnei dysentery, examined 29 days to 4.5 months from the onset of the disease. The level and occurrence of IgA and IgG in the convalescent patients were several times greater than in healthy persons never subjected to the risk of Shigella infection. The records indicate that during the outbreaks of Sh. sonnei dysentery in children's institutions a considerable accumulation of homologous IgA and IgG occurred in the saliva of the members of the personnel unaffected by the infection (in comparison with healthy persons who had not been subjected to the risk of infection). The maximum immunological shift in the personnel was found to occur in the foci where the infection was transmitted by the alimentary route. The investigation of saliva samples for the presence of antibodies to Sh. sonnei may thus contribute to the epidemiological analysis in dysentery.

[Mechanism of action of secretory IgA antibodies]. / O mekhanizme deistviia sekretornykh IgA-antitel.

The antiadsorptive capacity of secretory IgA to Sh. sonnei was revealed in experiments with Shigella keratoconjunctivitis used as a model. In patients with dysentery caused by Sh. sonnei IgA in coprofiltrates proved to have greater capacity for agglutinating the antigen than serum IgA. The presence of IgA as coproantibodies in these patients sharply decreased the frequency of diagnostic seroconversions. The importance of the above-mentioned properties of SIgA for diagnosis and for protection from infections affecting the organs and tissue coming into contact with the environment are discussed.

[Activity of bovine colostral IgG in the human digestive tract]. / Aktivnost' v pishchevaritel'nom trakte cheloveka korov'ego molozivnogo IgG.

The biological activity of cow IgG administered orally to 11 volunteers in the colostrum of cows vaccinated with Sh. sonnei was studied. At the same time the degree of immunologic protection was determined on the experimental model of pepsin fragments of this IgG active against Sh. sonnei. IgG, introduced orally, could be regularly found in gastric and intestinal juices, as well as in coprofiltrates. A decrease in the concentration of IgG and related antibodies was observed as this IgG moved down along the digestive tract: the maximum loss of biological activity occurred in the lower sections of the intestine. The products of pepsin hydrolysis of immune cow IgG ensure pronounced protection against Sh. sonnei. The preservation of the biological activity of IgG in the digestive secretions of adults receiving immune colostrum orally indicates the expediency of further studies in the field of passive enteral immunization for the prevention and treatment of acute intestinal diseases.

[Analysis of the immunologic class of measles antibodies using protein A-producing staphylococci]. / Opredelenie immunologicheskogo klassa protivokorevykh antitel pri pomoshchi stafilokokkov--produtsentov belka A.

The suspension of staphylocci containing protein A in their cell walls (strain Cowan 1) has been used for the determination of the immunological class of measles antibodies in the blood of measles patients and healthy persons. Adsorption with staphylococcal reagent is a simple and precise method for the detection of IgM which cannot be detected at equal or higher IgG titers when the samples under study are treated with reducing substances similar to mercaptoethanol. The advantages given by the use of protein A preparations for differentiating the nature of serum antibodies are shown, which is essential for the diagnosis and epidemiological analysis of infectious diseases.

[Use of the staphylococcal coagglutination reaction to serogroup Escherichiae]. / Ispol'zovanie reaktsii koaggliutinatsii stafilokokkov s tsel'iu serogruppirovki ésherikhii.

A stable, highly specific antibody diagnostic agent suitable for use in the slide agglutination test was obtained by the adsorption of rabbit OK antisera to different species of the Escherichia genus by staphylococci Cowan I containing protein A in their cell walls. The high effect iveness of the staphylococcal reagent is due to adsorption from rabbit IgG antisera containing specific Escherichia antibodies. The diagnosis of Escherichia infections with the use of staphylococcal antibody diagnostic agent may prove to be considerably cheaper and simpler.