Community Awareness About Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) in the Western and Southern Regions of Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a disorder in which the hip joint does not develop normally in the pediatric age group. It is caused by a confluence of hereditary and environmental factors. We aimed to examine knowledge and awareness of DDH among the general population of the southern and western regions of Saudi Arabia. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in the western and southern regions of Saudi Arabia. This study included adult male and female participants above 18 years of age. Data were collected using a validated electronic questionnaire that was disseminated via social media platforms. All data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). RESULTS: In this study, 1,232 participants were surveyed in Saudi Arabia. The majority were between 21 and 30 years old (663, 53.8%), unmarried (690, 56%), and had a baccalaureate or diploma certificate (886, 71.9%). Regarding knowledge of DDH, 86.4% of participants had poor knowledge of the causes of DDH, and 740 (60%) had poor overall knowledge of DDH. However, 492 (40%) participants had good knowledge. Respondents with a higher monthly income, those who were mothers, and those who obtained information from social media had a better awareness level. Concerning treatment, 531 (43.1%) participants were unsure about the best treatment for DDH, and 850 (69%) believed that early treatment was better. CONCLUSIONS: According to our literature, DDH is highly prevalent among Saudi populations. However, our findings indicate that the majority of the Saudi population residing in the western and southern regions of Saudi Arabia lacks basic knowledge of DDH. All capable facilities, such as medical schools, hospitals, and primary healthcare centers, must impart cultural education about DDH to address this awareness gap.

Modified one third tubular plate (spring plate) augmented with reconstruction plates for treatment of comminuted posterior wall acetabular fractures, Short to midterm outcomes of 24 patients.

The most common form of acetabular fracture is believed to be the posterior wall; its incidence ranges from 25% to 47%. Managing such fractures has been difficult in the past and until recently. To obtain a favorable functional outcome, an accurate diagnosis and a well-executed treatment strategy are essential. Objective: To evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of employing a spring plate augmented by a traditional 3.5 mm reconstruction plate for the treatment of comminuted posterior wall acetabular fractures. Patients and Methods: A prospective case series was performed on 24 patients with comminuted fractures of the posterior wall. After an average of 6 days, the patients underwent surgery. Eighteen patients were fixed with one spring plate, six patients were fixed with two spring plates, and all were reinforced with a 3.5-mm reconstruction plate. Each case was followed once every three months until the fracture healed and then regularly every six months thereafter. Results: There were 21 men and 3 women. The average follow-up period was 14 months, and the median age was 34.5 years. The main reason for injuries was motor vehicle collisions. The mean operation time was 107.5 min. The clinical results were evaluated by the MAP and m HHS, and the means were 10.2 (5-12) and 86 (64-96), respectively. Only two patients developed avascular necrosis and were treated by total hip replacement, another three (12.5%) had mild arthritis. Conclusion: Comminuted acetabulum posterior wall fractures can be stabilized with spring plates. It could be used in conjunction with the primary reconstruction plate as a viable alternative for stable and anatomical reduction. High patient satisfaction and good functional results make this approach effective.

Thymoquinone Ameliorates Carfilzomib-Induced Renal Impairment by Modulating Oxidative Stress Markers, Inflammatory/Apoptotic Mediators, and Augmenting Nrf2 in Rats.

Chemotherapy-induced kidney damage is an emerging problem that restricts cancer treatment effectiveness. The proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib (CFZ) is primarily used to treat multiple myeloma and has been associated with severe renal injury in humans. CFZ-induced nephrotoxicity remains an unmet medical need, and there is an urgent need to find and develop a nephroprotective and antioxidant therapy for this condition. Thymoquinone (TQ) is a bioactive compound that has been isolated from Nigella sativa seeds. It has a wide range of pharmacological properties. Therefore, this experimental design aimed to study the effectiveness of TQ against CFZ-induced renal toxicity in rats. The first group of rats was a normal control (CNT); the second group received CFZ (4 mg/kg b.w.); the third and fourth groups received TQ (10 and 20 mg/kg b.w.) 2 h before receiving CFZ; the fifth group received only TQ (20 mg/kg b.w.). This experiment was conducted for 16 days, and at the end of the experiment, blood samples and kidney tissue were collected for biochemical assays. The results indicated that administration of CFZ significantly enhanced serum marker levels such as BUN, creatinine, and uric acid in the CFZ group. Similarly, it was also noticed that CFZ administration induced oxidative stress by reducing antioxidants (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT and SOD) and increasing lipid peroxidation. CFZ treatment also enhanced the expression of IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α production. Moreover, CFZ increased caspase-3 concentrations and reduced Nrf2 expression in the CFZ-administered group. However, treatment with 10 and 20 mg/kg TQ significantly decreased serum markers and increased antioxidant enzymes. TQ treatment considerably reduced IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, and caspase-3 concentrations. Overall, this biochemical estimation was also supported by histopathological outcomes. This study revealed that TQ administration significantly mitigated the negative effects of CFZ treatment on Nrf2 expression. Thus, it indicates that TQ may have utility as a potential drug to prevent CFZ-induced nephrotoxicity in the future.

Cross-sectional community-based study in Saudi Arabian population with inclusion of behavioral studies of osteoporosis patients.

Purpose: Osteoporosis is especially prevalent in the older population and in women. Fractures lead to many health complications, placing an enormous burden on the health system. Improved knowledge will encourage healthy practices that prevent osteoporosis and help community members avoid unhealthy lifestyles and habits. The goal of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices relating to osteoporosis among male and female students of the Jazan community. Methods: The Jazan region has 13 governorates and a population of more than 1.5 million. For this study, 440 participants were selected from seven different governorates, and the osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool (OKAT) was used together with five background variables and some questions on attitude and practice. A Chi-squared test was implemented to identify any significant relationships between the background variables and the knowledge and practice scores. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of the 440 participants, 53% were men and 47% women. Thirty-three percent of them held government jobs, 73% had completed university, and 50% had a monthly income of less than 5,000 riyals. Regarding the risk factors for osteoporosis, 62 (14%) smoked, 37 (8.4%) used steroids, 184 (41.8%) had a family history of osteoporosis, and 393 (89.3%) had not attended an education campaign on osteoporosis. The highest number of correct answers in the OKAT was to the question "osteoporosis increases the risk of fractures" (423, 96.1%), and the lowest number of correct answers was to the question "osteoporosis is more common in men" (60, 13.6%). Regarding protective behaviors against osteoporosis, namely physical activity, daily intake of dairy products, attending an education campaign, and background characteristics, attending an education campaign was statistically significant, with a P value of 0.003, but marital status, education level, body mass index (BMI), and occupation were not statistically significant. For the risk factors, sex was statistically significant, along with the daily soft drink intake and smoking but not with the use of steroids. Other background characteristics, such as education level and BMI, were not statistically significant as osteoporosis risk factors. Conclusions: The participants' level of knowledge was high, and the risk factors for osteoporosis were still present together with a low level of achievement for protective measures. It is highly recommended that education campaigns be implemented to increase knowledge and encourage improved attitudes and practices.

Prevalence of Patellofemoral Pain and Knee Pain in the General Population of Saudi Arabia.

Background Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common cause of knee pain. This condition can restrict daily activities by trying to avoid activities that aggravate their pain. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PFP and knee pain and its associated factors among Saudi young adults. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia. A validated translated Arabic questionnaire was used. Data was collected through an online self-administered questionnaire. Saudi young adults of both genders aged between (18 to 40 years) were included. The mean ±SD was described for continuous variables, whereas categorical variables were reported using frequencies and percentages. The chi-square test was used for descriptive analysis. Results A total of 1558 subjects were enrolled in the current study. About 663 (42.6%) were males and 895 (57.4%) were females. Of the total participants, 718 (46%) were within the age group of 18 to 25. The overall prevalence of PFP among the current study participant was found to be 30.3%. The prevalence of PFP among males was found to be 31.4% and the prevalence of PFP among females was found to be 29.5%. The overall prevalence of knee pain among study participants was found to be 13.2% as 205 of the participants reported knee pain. The prevalence of knee pain among males was found to be 14% and the prevalence of knee pain among females was found to be 12.3%. The multivariate analysis included the following variables: age, gender, and marital status. The following factors predicted higher rate of PFP: being 18 to 25 years old (p-value < 0.001, odds ratio = 1), being 26 to 35 years old (p-value = 0.001, odds ratio = 1.689). Conclusion The prevalence of PFP and knee pains was found to be relatively high in Saudi Arabia. Age less than 40 years old was found to be associated with a higher prevalence of PFP and knee pain when compared to other age groups.

Osteoporosis knowledge, attitudes, and practices among female Princess Nourah University students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased normal bone density. More than 8.9 million fractures worldwide annually are caused by osteoporosis; these fractures are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Evidence suggests that the modification of several lifestyle habits could assist in lowering the incidence of osteoporosis. However, limited studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and lifestyles associated with osteoporosis among college-age females. This study aimed to provide evidence to assist in the development of effective strategies against osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University (PNU), in February 2018; a self-administered questionnaire was used. The different components of the questionnaire assessed knowledge, attitudes, and lifestyles with regard to osteoporosis. The participants were divided into groups on the basis of their age as follows: juniors, 17-20 years of age; seniors, 21-25 years of age. RESULTS: Of the 250 included participants, 122 (49%) and 128 (51%) were seniors and juniors respectively. Only 16% of all participants achieved a good score on the knowledge questionnaire; in particular, knowledge regarding osteoporosis risk factors was inadequate. Media was the only source of information of the included participants. Only 49% of participants believed that osteoporosis is a serious disease. Overall, only 32% and 27% of juniors and seniors are consumed sufficient dairy products, and 13% and 11% of juniors and seniors engaged in physical exercise, respectively. CONCLUSION: Osteoporosis misconceptions were extremely prevalent among PNU students, as was poor knowledge and lifestyle habits regarding osteoporosis. Information regarding osteoporosis presented through the media needs to be revised and simplified. Concerned institutions should combine their efforts eventually practice. Information about osteoporosis presented through media need to be revised, simplified, and implement a national program to improve osteoporosis awareness and prevention.