Novel pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives: design, synthesis, molecular docking, molecular simulations and biological evaluations as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

Current medical approaches to control the Covid-19 pandemic are either to directly target the SARS-CoV-2 via innovate a defined drug and a safe vaccine or indirectly target the medical complications of the virus. One of the indirect strategies for fighting this virus has been mainly dependent on using anti-inflammatory drugs to control cytokines storm responsible for severe health complications. We revealed the discovery of novel fused pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives as promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. The newly synthesised compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity using RAW264.7 cells after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The results revealed that 3a, 4b, and 8e were the most potent analogues. Molecular docking and simulations of these compounds against COX-2, TLR-2 and TLR-4 respectively was performed. The former results were in line with the biological data and proved that 3a, 4b and 8e have potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Synthesis of novel pyrroles and fused pyrroles as antifungal and antibacterial agents.

Pyrroles and its fused forms possess antimicrobial activities, they can easily interact with biomolecules of living systems. A series of substituted pyrroles, and its fused pyrimidines and triazines forms have been synthesised, all newly synthesised compound structures were confirmed by spectroscopic analysis. Generally, the compounds inhibited growth of some important human pathogens, the best effect was given by: 2a, 3c, 4d on Gram-positive bacteria and was higher on yeast (C. albicans), by 5c on Gram-negative bacteria and by 5a then 3c on filamentous fungi (A. fumigatus and F. oxysporum). Such results present good antibacterial and antifungal potential candidates to help overcome the global problem of antibiotic resistance and opportunistic infections outbreak. Compound 3c gave the best anti-phytopathogenic effect at a 50-fold lower concentration than Kocide 2000, introducing a safe commercial candidate for agricultural use. The effect of the compounds on DNA was monitored to detect the mode of action.

Saturated oxygen and nitrogen heterocycles via oxidative coupling of alkyltrifluoroborates with alkenols, alkenoic acids and protected alkenylamines.

Saturated heterocycles are important components of many bioactive compounds. The method disclosed herein enables a general route to a range of 5-, 6- and 7-membered oxygen and nitrogen heterocycles by coupling potassium alkyltrifluoroborates with heteroatom-tethered alkenes, predominantly styrenes, under copper-catalyzed conditions, in the presence of MnO2. The method was applied to the synthesis of the core of the anti-depressant drug citalopram. The reaction scope and observed reactivity is consistent with a polar/radical mechanism involving intermolecular addition of the alkyl radical to the alkene followed by [Cu(iii)]-facilitated C-O (or C-N) bond forming reductive elimination.

Stereoselective and Regioselective Synthesis of Heterocycles via Copper-Catalyzed Additions of Amine Derivatives and Alcohols to Alkenes.

This Perspective describes the development of a family of copper(II)-catalyzed alkene difunctionalization reactions that enable stereoselective addition of amine derivatives and alcohols onto pendant unactivated alkenes to provide a range of valuable saturated nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles. 2-Vinylanilines and related substrates undergo alternative oxidative amination or allylic amination pathways, and these reactions will also be discussed. The involvement of both polar and radical steps in the reaction mechanisms have been implicated. Major product formation is a function of the lowest energy pathway, which in turn is a function of structural aspects of the various reaction components.

Stereoselective Synthesis of Isoxazolidines via Copper-Catalyzed Alkene Diamination.

A convenient copper-catalyzed intramolecular/intermolecular alkene diamination reaction to synthesize 3-aminomethyl-functionalized isoxazolidines under mild reaction conditions and with generally high levels of diastereoselectivity was achieved. This reaction demonstrates that previously underutilized unsaturated carbamates are good [Cu]-catalyzed diamination substrates. Sulfonamides, anilines, benzamide, morpholine, and piperidine can serve as the external amine source. This relatively broad amine range is attributed to the mild reaction conditions. Reduction of the N-O bond could also be achieved, revealing the corresponding 3,4-diamino-1-alcohols efficiently.

Copper(II)-Promoted Cyclization/Difunctionalization of Allenols and Allenylsulfonamides: Synthesis of Heterocycle-Functionalized Vinyl Carboxylate Esters.

A unique method to affect intramolecular aminooxygenation and dioxygenation of allenols and allenylsulfonamides is described. These operationally simple reactions occur under neutral or basic conditions where copper(II) carboxylates serve as reaction promoter, oxidant, and carboxylate source. Moderate to high yields of heterocycle-functionalized vinyl carboxylate esters are formed with moderate to high levels of diastereoselectivity. Such vinyl carboxylate esters could serve as precursors to α-amino and α-oxy ketones and derivatives thereof.