Compensating for gyroradius effects in beamlines with small Helmholtz coils.

Measurements of lighter, low-energy charged particles in a laboratory beamline are complicated due to the influence of Earth's magnetic field. Rather than nulling out the Earth's magnetic field over the entire facility, we present a new way to correct particle trajectories using much more spatially limited Helmholtz coils. This approach is versatile and easy to incorporate in a wide range of facilities, including the existing ones, enabling measurements of low-energy charged particles in a laboratory beamline.

The death of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles (1781-1826).

The authors reviewed a rare autopsy report of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles and offer a fresh interpretation of the cause of his death, with illustrations on the implied findings.