RESUMO
Trichinella infection can experimentally ameliorate many autoimmune diseases. However, the immune mechanism of the amelioration and the identification of corresponding Trichinella-derived molecule(s) are still not fully elucidated. Fifty-three kDa excretory-secretory (ES) protein from Trichinella pseudospiralis (Tpp53) is a molecule like TsP53 reported as a protein exerting immune-inhibitory effect in T. spiralis. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of Tpp53 using imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis model, which is a mouse model of autoimmune disease with the pathogenic interleukin 17 (IL-17) producing CD4+ T cells (Th17) via IL-23/IL17 axis. Administrating the recombinant Tpp53 (rTpp53) mixed with IMQ cream on the skin of mice ameliorated psoriatic lesions, as revealed by the improvement of erythema, scaling, skin thickening, epidermis hyperplasia and parakeratosis, thickening of acanthosis cell layer, epidermal extension of dermis, less infiltration of inflammatory cells, and decreased expression of inflammatory marker. The increased expression of the factors related to the IL-23/IL-17 axis, including IL-17A, IL-6, Il17F and Il23a, in the skins of IMQ-treated mice was inhibited by rTpp53 treatment. Moreover, the expression of activated keratinocyte-produced cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides in the skin was also down-regulated in rTpp53-treated IMQ-treated mice. Co-culture of splenocytes with rTpp53 inhibited IL-17A and treatment of macrophages with rTpp53 reduced IL-6 production. Overall, our study revealed that the Trichinella-secreted 53 kDa ES protein could ameliorate IMQ-induced psoriasis by inhibiting the IL-23/IL-17 axis, suggesting that Tpp53 might involve in regulating host Th17 for immune evasion and have an alternative potential for psoriasis therapy.
RESUMO
Contaminated liver fluke egg in the environment has led to the high prevalence of human opisthorchiasis associated with cholangiocarcinoma in Southeast Asia. To find the effective lessening methods of Opisthorchis viverrini eggs in the contaminated environment, we investigated the temperature conditions for killing of these trematode eggs in vitro. Numerous O. viverrini eggs were obtained in the proximal part of uteri of adult worms from experimental hamsters. Mature eggs with miracidium were allocated by experimental groups (2 control: positive and negative and 4 treatment: 50, 60, 70, and 80°C) with 0.85% saline, and treated by the experimental plan. Eggs in each experimental groups were observed under the confocal microscope after stain with Propidium Iodide (PI) to evaluate the effect of temperatures. Eggs in 70 and 80°C groups were all killed after over 10 min heated. Majority of eggs in 60°C (10, 15, and 30 min heated), 70 and 80°C (5 min heated) groups were inactivated. However in 50°C group, below half of eggs were to be killed in all time lapse (10, 15 and 30 min). In order to prevent O. viverrini infection and cholangiocarcinoma, direct treatment of sewage by heating at 70 or 80°C at least 10 min is essential. Therefore, treatment of O. viverrini eggs at a high temperature is a potential method for controlling egg contamination in sewage.
