Papillon-Léage and psaume syndrome patient with multiple dental and orofacial anomalies.

Papillon-Léage-Psaume Syndrome, also known as oral-facial-digital syndrome (OFDS) type I, describes a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that are characterized by anomalies of the oral cavity, facial features, and the digits. Central nervous system (CNS) anomalies and visceral organ abnormalities such as kidney, pancreas, and ovarian cysts can also be seen in these patients. Among 13 potential types, female-inherited OFDS type I is the most common and it has been reported to be lethal in males. After the identification of the genetic relation of OFDS in 2001, it is now known that, except X-linked OFDS Type I and VIII, generally all types of OFDSs are autosomal recessive. The dentist's knowledge about the syndrome can reduce the development of physical and dental anomalies by facilitating early diagnosis. This article presents a patient with Papillon-Léage-Psaume Syndrome (Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Type I).

An algorithm of dental/dentofacial-based options for managing patients with obstructive sleep apnoea referred to a dentist/dental specialist by a physician.

There are so many documents in the literature discoursing the aetiology, nature, diagnosis and treatment planning of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Almost all of them mention that OSA has to be evaluated and treated through the multidisciplinary teamwork of physicians and dentists. Due to a lack in the literature, this article focuses on dentists' and dental specialists' role in the treatment algorithm of OSA.

Micromagnet arrays for on-chip focusing, switching, and separation of superparamagnetic beads and single cells.

Nonlinear magnetophoresis (NLM) is a novel approach for on-chip transport and separation of superparamagnetic (SPM) beads, based on a travelling magnetic field wave generated by the combination of a micromagnet array (MMA) and an applied rotating magnetic field. Here, we present two novel MMA designs that allow SPM beads to be focused, sorted, and separated on-chip. Converging MMAs were used to rapidly collect the SPM beads from a large region of the chip and focus them into synchronised lines. We characterise the collection efficiency of the devices and demonstrate that they can facilitate on-chip analysis of populations of SPM beads using a single-point optical detector. The diverging MMAs were used to control the transport of the beads and to separate them based on their size. The separation efficiency of these devices was determined by the orientation of the magnetisation of the micromagnets relative to the external magnetic field and the size of the beads and relative to that of micromagnets. By controlling these parameters and the rotation of the external magnetic field we demonstrated the controlled transport of SPM bead-labelled single MDA-MB-231 cells. The use of these novel MMAs promises to allow magnetically-labelled cells to be efficiently isolated and then manipulated on-chip for analysis with high-resolution chemical and physical techniques.

In vitro study of the interaction of heregulin-functionalized magnetic-optical nanorods with MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells.

Multifunctional nanoparticles that actively target specific cells are promising tools for cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this article we review the synthesis and surface chemistry of Fe-Au nanorods and their characterization using microscopy. The diameter of the rods used in this study was selected to be 150-200 nm so that they did not enter the cells. The 80 nm-long Au tips of the nanorods were functionalized with heregulin (HRG), and the micron-long Fe portion was coated with a poly(ethylene glycol) monolayer to minimize non-specific interactions. Nanorods functionalized with HRG were found to preferentially bind to MCF7 cells that express high levels of the receptor tyrosine-protein kinase ErbB2/3. Magnetic tweezers measurements were used to characterize the kinetic properties of the bond between the HRG on the rods and ErbB2/3 on the surface of the cells. The strong magnetization of Fe-Au nanorods makes them excellent candidates for in-vitro and in-vivo imaging, and magnetic therapeutic applications targeting cancer cells in circulation.