Rosa canina Extract has Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects on Human Lung and Prostate Cancer Cells.

Although several studies have investigated the cytotoxic effects of different Rosa species, there has been only limited research into the cytotoxic effect of Rosa canina. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant properties, phenolic characterization, and cytotoxic effects of R. canina on human lung (A549) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cells and the possible mechanisms involved. The antioxidant properties and phenolic characterization of the extract were determined using spectrophotometric methods and RP-HPLC, respectively. The cytotoxic activity of the extract was determined using the MTT assay. The mechanism involved in the extract's cytotoxic effect was then evaluated in terms of apoptosis, the cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and caspase activity using fluorometric and luminometric methods. The TPC value of the extract was 58.97 ± 2.22 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram sample, and ascorbic acid and p-coumaric acid were detected as major phenolics in the extract. R. canina extract exhibited a selective cytotoxic effect on A549 and PC-3 cells compared to normal fibroblast cells. The extract induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and apoptosis via reduced MMP and increased caspase activity in these cells. Phytomedical applications of R. canina may represent promising approaches in the treatment of cancer.

Dimethyl Sulfoxide Extract of Dianthus carmelitarum Induces S Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Cells.

Although several studies have investigated the cytotoxic effects of different Dianthus species, there has been only limited research into the cytotoxic effect of Dianthus carmelitarum. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the phenolic characterization and the cytotoxic effect of D. carmelitarum on human colon cancer (WiDr) cells and the possible mechanisms involved. Total polyphenolic contents (TPC) and phenolic characterization of the extract were evaluated using the Folin-Cioceltau method and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), respectively. The cytotoxic activity of the extract was determined using the methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The mechanism involved in the extract's cytotoxic effect was then evaluated in terms of apoptosis and the cell cycle using flow cytometry, while mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was investigated using the fluorometric method. The TPC value of the extract was 784.8 ± 40.3 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g sample, and sinapic acid and benzoic acid were detected as major phenolics in the extract. D. carmelitarum extract exhibited a selective cytotoxic effect (3.6-fold) on WiDr cells compared to normal colon cells. The extract induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase and apoptosis via reduced MMP in WiDr cells. Phytomedical and nutraceutical applications of D. carmelitarum may represent promising approaches in the treatment of cancer.

Cytotoxic effect of Rosa canina extract on human colon cancer cells through repression of telomerase expression.

Rosa canina is a member of the genus Rosa that has long been used for medical objectives. Several studies have reported cytotoxic effects of different Rosa species, but there has been only limited investigation of the cytotoxic effect of R. canina. The purpose of the current study was to examine the potential effect of R. canina extract on cell viability, the cell cycle, apoptosis, and the expression of telomerase in human colon cancer (WiDr) cells. The cytotoxic effect of the extract was determined using MTT assay. The mechanism involved in the cytotoxic effect of the extract was then evaluated in terms of apoptosis and the cell cycle using flow cytometry. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was investigated using the fluorometric method, and expression levels of telomerase were studied using RT-PCR. R. canina extract exhibited a selective cytotoxic effect on WiDr cells compared with normal colon cells. The extract induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase and apoptosis via reduced MMP in WiDr cells. R. canina extract significantly repressed telomerase expressions at treatment times of 48 and 72 h in WiDr cells. Our results suggest that R. canina may have considerable potential for development as a novel natural product-based anticancer agent.

Cytotoxic effect of Rosa canina extract on human colon cancer cells through repression of telomerase expression / 药物分析学报

Rosa canina is a member of the genus Rosa that has long been used for medical objectives. Several studies have reported cytotoxic effects of different Rosa species, but there has been only limited investigation of the cytotoxic effect of R. canina. The purpose of the current study was to examine the potential effect of R. canina extract on cell viability, the cell cycle, apoptosis, and the expression of telomerase in human colon cancer (WiDr) cells. The cytotoxic effect of the extract was determined using MTT assay. The mechanism involved in the cytotoxic effect of the extract was then evaluated in terms of apoptosis and the cell cycle using flow cytometry. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was investigated using the fluorometric method, and expression levels of telomerase were studied using RT-PCR. R. canina extract exhibited a selective cytotoxic effect on WiDr cells compared with normal colon cells. The extract induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase and apoptosis via reduced MMP in WiDr cells. R. canina extract significantly repressed telomerase expressions at treatment times of 48 and 72 h in WiDr cells. Our results suggest that R. canina may have considerable potential for development as a novel natural product-based anticancer agent.

Antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of Morus nigra extract on human prostate cancer cells.

Background: Morus nigra L. belongs to the family Moraceae and is frequently used in traditional medicine. Numerous studies have investigated the antiproliferative effects of various extracts of different Morus species, but studies involving the in vitro cytotoxic effect of M. nigra extract are very limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of dimethyl sulfoxide extract of M. nigra (DEM) and to investigate, for the first time, the probable cytotoxic effect in human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3) cells together with the mechanism involved. Methods: Total polyphenolic contents (TPC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and phenolic compounds of DEM were evaluated using spectrophotometric procedures and HPLC. The cytotoxic effect of DEM on PC-3 cells was revealed using the MTT assay. Mechanisms involved in the cytotoxic effect of DEM on PC-3 cells were then investigated in terms of apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential and cell cycle using flow cytometry, while caspase activity was investigated using luminometric analysis. Results: TPC and FRAP values were 20.7 ± 0.3 mg gallic acid equivalents and 48.8 ± 1.6 mg trolox equivalents per g sample, respectively. Ascorbic acid and chlorogenic acid were the major phenolic compounds detected at HPLC analysis. DEM arrested the cell cycle of PC-3 cells at the G1 phase, induced apoptosis via increased caspase activity and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Conclusions: Our results indicate that M. nigra may be a novel candidate for the development of new natural product based therapeutic agents against prostate cancer.

Morus Rubra Extract Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Cells Through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Telomerase.

Many studies have reported cytotoxic effects of different Morus species, but there have been only limited studies on the cytotoxic effect of Morus rubra. The aims of this study were to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of dimethyl sulfoxide extract of M. rubra and to investigate, for the first time, its probable cytotoxic activity in human colon cancer (WiDr) cells, together with the mechanism involved. The cytotoxic activity of extract was determined using MTT assay. The mechanism involved in the cytotoxic effect of extract was then evaluated in terms of apoptosis, and the cell cycle using flow cytometry, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was investigated using the fluorometric method, and expression levels of telomerase and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were investigated using reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR). M. rubra extract exhibited moderate selective cytotoxicity on colon cancer cells compared with fibroblast cells. Extract induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and apoptosis via reduced MMP in WiDr cells. Additionally, M. rubra extract significantly repressed telomerase and induced CHOP expressions in WiDr cells. Our results demonstrate that targeting telomerase and endoplasmic reticulum stress represents a promising strategy in colon cancer therapy, and M. rubra may have considerable potential for development as a novel natural product-based anticancer agent.

Antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity of Turkish propolis on human lung cancer cell line.

Cancer is a heterogeneous disease, two of whose characteristic features are uncontrollable cell proliferation and insufficient apoptosis. Various studies have investigated the antiproliferative effects of propolis, a natural bee product, from different countries, and its cytotoxic effects have been attributed to its polyphenol contents. The purpose of this study was to show the cytotoxic effects, and possible mechanisms involved, of ethanolic extract of Turkish propolis (EEP) on the human lung cancer (A549) cell line. Cytotoxic activity of EEP on A549 cells was revealed using the MTT assay. Mechanisms involved in the cytotoxic action of EEP on A549 cells were then investigated in terms of apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential and cell cycle using flow cytometry, endoplasmic reticulum stress using RT-PCR, and caspase activity using luminometric analysis. EEP exhibited selective toxicity against A549 cells compared to normal fibroblast cells. We determined that EEP arrested the cell cycle of A549 cells at the G1 phase, induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, caspase activity, and apoptosis and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. These results indicate that Turkish propolis is capable of reducing cancer cell proliferation and may have a promising role to play in the development of new anticancer drugs in the future.

Effects of Turkish propolis on expression of hOGG-1 and NEIL-1.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Propolis is a bee product with antioxidative, antimutagenic, and other beneficial properties, and it is used as a natural drug. It is rich in polyphenolic compounds. Its composition varies depending on the particular geographical region. Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalanced free radical production and antioxidant system. The effects of flavonoids on the expression of DNA repair enzymes have been examined previously; however, no study has investigated the effects of propolis. This study investigated the effects of ethanolic extracts of Turkish propolis (EEP) on the expression of DNA repair enzymes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of EEP and tertiary-butyl-hydroperoxide (t-BHP) on cell viability were determined using MTT DNA damage was determined using comet assay. mRNA expression of target enzymes was detected using RT-PCR. RESULTS: According to the cytotoxicity analysis, after a recovery time of 4 h, appropriate damage agent t-BHP and optimum EEP concentrations were 300 µM and 200 µg/mL, respectively. 8-Oxoguanine-glycosylase (hOGG-1) and endonuclease-VIII-like-1 (NEIL-1) expressions increased in the positive control group (t-BHP alone) and the study group (t-BHP+EEP). Maximum increase in NEIL-I expression was at hour 12 in the positive control group and at hour 8 in the study group. CONCLUSION: EEP can be considered as a potential source of functional food and pharmaceutical agents.

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with interferon beta.

OBJECTIVES: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-9, facilitate T-cell migration into the central nervous system. They play a key role in the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and thus in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Interferon beta's (IFNbeta) ability to alter the balance between MMP-9 and MMP-9s natural inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), may play a role in stabilizing the BBB. The aim of this study, was to evaluate serum MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) TIMP-1 levels in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treated with IFNbeta-1a. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Blood and CSF samples from 14 patients with RRMS before and 6 months after IFNbeta therapy and 14 age and sex-matched controls were obtained. Levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were measured using ELISA. RESULTS: Before treatment, patients with MS had higher levels of serum MMP-9 and a higher MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio than the controls. Although serum levels of TIMP-1 were lower in RRMS patients than in the controls, the differences did not reach statistical significance. CSF levels of TIMP-1 were significantly lower in RRMS patients. In the sixth month of IFNbeta therapy serum MMP-9 and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio were significantly decreased, whereas the changes in serum TIMP-1 were not statistically significant. There was a significant increase in CSF TIMP-1 levels in the sixth month of IFNbeta therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our result shows that RRMS patients have an impaired MMP-9 and TIMP-1 balance, and that 6 months of IFNbeta therapy is beneficial in restoring this balance.

Plasma fibronectin level and its association with coronary artery disease and carotid intima-media thickness.

BACKGROUND: The exact relation of fibronectin with coronary atherosclerosis is unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of fibronectin level with presence and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) and intima-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid artery (CCA). DESIGN: The IMTs of CCA of 86 patients who underwent coronary angiography were measured; traditional vascular risk factors were also evaluated in these patients. Fibronectin, lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen levels were determined. RESULTS: Plasma fibronectin levels of the patients with CAD were found to be significantly elevated compared to patients with normal vessels (0.46+/-0.11 and 0.36+/-0.12 mg/dl respectively, P = 0.001). Fibronectin levels were not associated with extent of CAD. No significant association was observed between fibronectin level and traditional risk factors. IMTs of right and left CCA in patients with CAD were found to be elevated compared to patients with normal vessels (0.89+/-0.1 mm compared with 0.76+/-0.1 mm, P = 0.001 and 0.93+/-0.2 mm compared with 0.71+/-0.1 mm, respectively P < 0.001). Fibronectin levels were positively correlated with CRP (r = 0.45, P < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (r = 0.23, P = 0.03) and total cholesterol (r = 0.21, P = 0.04) levels and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (r = -0.24, P = 0.02). IMT of left CCA was positively correlated with CRP levels (r = 0.23, P = 0.04) and negatively correlated with HDL-C levels (r = 0.2, P = 0.04). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (P < 0.01) and fibronectin levels (P = 0.01) were independent predictors for the existence of CAD. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that fibronectin levels may be a significant predictor of CAD. However, it was shown that fibronectin levels were not associated with extent of CAD and IMT of CCA.