Sodium-Containing Spinel Zinc Ferrite as a Catalyst Precursor for the Selective Synthesis of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels.

A microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis produces ZnFe2 O4 containing Na residue as a precursor to a CO2 hydrogenation catalyst that displays high CO2 conversion and high selectivity to liquid hydrocarbon products in the gasoline and diesel range with high olefin-to-paraffin ratios. Compared to reference catalysts derived from Fe2 O3 and a ZnO-Fe2 O3 physical mixture, the ZnFe2 O4 -derived catalyst contains well-dispersed iron particles with Zn serving as a structural promoter. A profound effect of the residual Na as an electronic promoter is also observed, which improves the selectivity for C5+ hydrocarbons and olefins. The ZnFe2 O4 -derived catalyst exhibits excellent performance in the CO2 Fischer-Tropsch reaction as it forms the active Hägg iron carbide (χ-Fe5 C2 ) phase readily through the in situ carburization of iron.

A highly active and stable palladium catalyst on a g-C3N4 support for direct formic acid synthesis under neutral conditions.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is applied as a support of the Pd catalyst for direct HCOOH synthesis by CO2 hydrogenation under neutral conditions. The high CO2 affinity of g-C3N4 is responsible for the enhanced catalytic activity and stability relative to the inert support such as a carbon nanotube.