Factors Affecting Success of New Drug Clinical Trials.

Clinical trials are an essential process in the development of new drugs. In spite of time-consuming processes and high costs, the overall success rate of clinical trials is only 7.9%, which is a high risk for biopharmaceutical companies. However, despite these huge risks, research on finding factors affecting clinical trials to overcome and manage to risks has been insufficient. Considering these characteristics of the pharmaceutical industry, this study investigated the factors affecting the success of sponsor-initiated clinical trials. The success factors investigated were categorized into four factors: quality of clinical trials, speed of clinical trials, relationship type, and communication. Logistic regression was performed to measure each factor by analyzing 24,295 cases of Phase 1 to 4 trials from ClinicalTrials.gov. Because of the analysis, the factors affecting the success of the clinical trials were varied according to each clinical phase and the drug types: New Molecular Entity (NME)/Biologics, and the success ratio in the quality variable affected the overall clinical trial phases. Additionally, the experience, speed, relationship type, and communication variables were also found to be statistically significant for the success of each phase and drug type.

Highly efficient and stable deep-blue organic light-emitting diode using phosphor-sensitized thermally activated delayed fluorescence.

Phosphorescent and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been developed to overcome the low efficiency of fluorescent OLEDs. However, device instability, originating from triplet excitons and polarons, limits blue OLED applications. Here, we develop a phosphor-sensitized TADF emission system with TADF emitters to achieve high efficiency and long operational lifetime. Peripheral carbazole moieties are introduced in conventional multi-resonance-type emitters containing one boron atom. The triplet exciton density of the TADF emitter is reduced by facilitating reverse intersystem crossing, and the Förster resonant energy transfer rate from phosphor sensitizer is enhanced by high absorption coefficient of the emitters. The emitter exhibited an operational lifetime of 72.9 hours with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage chromaticity coordinate y = 0.165, which was 6.6 times longer than those of devices using conventional TADF emitters.

Development of an evaluation framework for publicly funded R&D projects: The case of Korea's Next Generation Network.

For decades, efforts have been made globally to measure the performance of large-scale public projects and to develop a framework to perform such measurements due to the complexity and dynamics of R&D and stakeholder interests. Still, limitations such as the use of a simply modified model and the lack of a comprehensive viewpoint are prevalent in existing approaches. In light of these research gaps, this study suggests a practical model to evaluate the performance of large-scale and publicly funded projects. The proposed model suggests a standard matrix framework of indices that evaluates the performance of particular elements in an industrial ecosystem in vertical categories and the economic and technological outcomes of those elements in horizontal categories. Based on the application of a balanced scorecard, this study uses mixed methodologies such as social network analysis, inter-industry analysis, and the analytic hierarchy process. Finally, the model evaluates the performance of Korea's Next Generation Network project as a case study.