Effects of a group poetry therapy program on stress, anxiety, ego-resilience, and psychological well-being of nursing students.

This quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest study developed a 10-session group poetry therapy program for nursing students and examined effects on clinical training, job-seeking stress, anxiety, ego-resilience, and psychological well-being. Forty-nine nursing students were conveniently recruited (experimental group n = 24, control group n = 25). Program construction used the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation model and Mazza's poetry therapy practice model. Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed significant decreases in stress and anxiety and significant improvements in ego-resilience and psychological well-being immediately after intervention, maintained at 5-week follow-up. The program can be a beneficial intervention for individuals experiencing various degrees of stress.

[Effect of Acculturative Stress on Multicultural Adolescents' Life Satisfaction: Sequential Multiple Mediating Effects of Bicultural Acceptance Attitude, Self-Esteem, and Social Withdrawal -Using the 2016 Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study].

PURPOSE: This study determined acculturative stress' effect on the life satisfaction of multicultural adolescents based on Roy's Adaptation Model and some earlier studies. Further, it examined the sequential multiple mediating effects of bicultural acceptance attitude, self-esteem, and social withdrawal on life satisfaction. METHODS: Participants included 1,163 multicultural adolescents who participated in the sixth Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study. A hypothesis test was conducted using Hayes' Process Macro Model 81. RESULTS: Life satisfaction increased with a decline in acculturative stress. Each of bicultural acceptance attitude, self-esteem, and social withdrawal had a single mediating effect on the relationship between acculturative stress and life satisfaction in multicultural adolescents. The sequential multiple mediating effects of bicultural acceptance attitude and self-esteem were confirmed significant after their impact on the relationship between acculturative stress and life satisfaction was analyzed. Bicultural acceptance attitude and social withdrawal were found to have a significant sequential multiple mediating effect on the relationship, as well. CONCLUSION: This study's results demonstrate that acculturative stress reduction is critical to improving multicultural adolescents' life satisfaction. Bicultural acceptance attitude, self-esteem, and social withdrawal have a single mediating or sequential multiple mediating effect on the relationship between multicultural adolescents' acculturative stress and life satisfaction. The findings, which highlight mediating effects, indicate that by increasing bicultural acceptance attitude and self-esteem, and reducing social withdrawal, multicultural adolescents' life satisfaction can be improved.

Effects of depression and social interaction on smartphone addiction among female adolescents.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of social interaction and depression on smartphone addiction among Korean female adolescents. METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of the data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey, a national survey conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute In Korea in 2018. The data of 1185 female adolescents was analyzed. Binary logistic regression was performed between smartphone addiction and depression, parenting behavior, peer interaction and teacher interaction. FINDINGS: Proportion of risk users was 24.9%. Depression, coercive parenting attitude, negative peer relationship, and trust/sensitivity/accessibility in teacher relationship predicted smartphone addiction. CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes the necessity of smartphone addiction prevention programs to lower depression levels and approach adolescents' parents, friends, and teachers.

Effects of a Physical Exercise Program on Physiological, Psychological, and Physical Function of Older Adults in Rural Areas.

With the increase in the older population, there is a concern for health in older adults. This study aimed to develop a physical exercise program that combined walking and gymnastics for older adults residing in rural areas and to evaluate its effect on their physiological and psychological health and physical function. A quasi-experimental design was adopted. Participants were aged 65 years or older, with 94 and 130 participants in the experimental and control group, respectively. The program was implemented for seven months, from April-October 2016. Walking and gymnastics were performed once a week each, for about 60 and 50 min, respectively. Data were analyzed using the Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, or Mann-Whitney U test. Results revealed that the experimental group participants displayed improved waist circumference (t = 1.70, p = 0.045), body mass index (U = 4691.00, p = 0.002), depressive symptoms (t = -2.94, p = 0.002), upper limb strength (t = 2.27, p = 0.012), and lower limb strength (t = 3.86, p < 0.001). Therefore, it can be presumed that the physical exercise program was effective and beneficial for older adults living in rural areas. This program is expected to contribute to maintaining and improving their health if implemented regularly in the future.

[Effect of Lifestyle Intervention Program for Overweight and Obesity Pregnant Women].

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the effects of a lifestyle intervention program on weight gain, dietary habits, fatigue and pregnancy stress, blood pressure, and neonatal birth weight, using Cox's interaction model of client health behavior for overweight and obese women. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental research with a non-equivalent control group pre-post test design. A total of 52 patients who met the selection criteria, including 25 in the experimental group and 27 in the control group, were the subjects of the study; they comprised overweight and obese pregnant women who were receiving prenatal care at A and B women's hospital in J province. The lifestyle intervention program ran for 12 weeks in total and consisted of interactions involving affective support, health information, and professional/technical competencies. The data collection period was from February 1, 2017 to August 31, 2017. RESULTS: This study showed differences in the appropriate weight gain rate (χ²=6.17, p=.013), suppression of an increase in fatigue (t=-2.32, p=.012), and an increase in pregnancy stress (t=-1.87, p=.034). Yet, no differences in physical activity, dietary habits change, blood pressure, and neonatal birth weight (p>.05) were found. CONCLUSION: The study findings indicate that this program could be an effective intervention for the control of appropriate weight gain, fatigue, and pregnancy stress. Therefore, a lifestyle intervention program based on Cox's interaction model of client health behavior could be an efficient strategy for a positive health outcome of overweight and obesity pregnant women.

[Academic Achievement of Nursing College Students according to Academic Self-efficacy: The Mediating Effect of Major Satisfaction]. / 간호대학생의 í•™ì— ì  자기효능감이 í•™ì— ì„±ì·¨ë„ì— 미치는 영향: ì „ê³µë§Œì¡±ë„ì˜ 매개효과.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of major satisfaction in the relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic achievement among nursing students. METHODS: Data were collected from 142 nursing students from March 5 to March 9, 2018, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 for Windows. RESULTS: Academic self-efficacy had a significant effect on both major satisfaction (ß=.31, p<.001), and academic achievement (ß=.43, p<.001). The parameter of major satisfaction was found to have a significant effect on the dependent variable, academic achievement (ß=.22, p=.007), and the independent variable, academic self-efficacy, also had a significant effect on academic achievement (ß=.39, p<.001). Thus, major satisfaction was found to have a partial mediating effect on the relationship between academic self efficacy and academic achievement. The Sobel test showed that the path of the academic achievement and academic self efficacy variables was significantly mediated by major satisfaction (Z=2.99, p=.003). CONCLUSION: Academic self-efficacy was found to affect academic achievement, and major satisfaction was found to play a partial mediating role in the relationship between academic self efficacy and academic achievement.

[Effects of a Moderate Drinking Program based on Social Cognitive Theory on College Students with Drinking Problems]. / ë¬¸ì œìŒì£¼ 대학생을 위한 ì‚¬íšŒì¸ì§€ì´ë¡ ì ìš© ì ˆì£¼ 프로그램의 효과.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the moderate drinking program based on social cognitive theory on changes in the drinking habits of college students with drinking problems. METHODS: This study included a total of 68 college students with drinking problems. These participants participated in 10 sessions of a moderate drinking program in which social cognitive theory was applied. Changes in the cognition and behaviors of the participants were then investigated. RESULTS: The moderate drinking program based on social cognitive theory for college students with drinking problems was effective in increasing the subjects' drinking-related knowledge (U=191.50, p<.001), enhancing their drinking refusal self-efficacy(t=8.02, p<.001), and changing their drinking-related attitudes (U=108.50, p<.001), drinking outcome expectancy (t=8.68, p<.001), amount of drinking in a single session (x 2=25.72, p<.001), number of drinking sessions per month (x 2=10.05, p=.006), and problem drinking behaviors (t=5.77, p<.001). CONCLUSION: These results can be used to inform a regular on-campus intervention programs for moderate drinking, and to implement education about moderate drinking, thereby increasing the success rate of drinking reduction.

[The Effect of Pain Relieving Intervention During Infiltration among Gamma Knife Surgery Patients for Stereotactic Frame Fixation].

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the effects of three interventions on pain, blood pressure, and pulse rate during infiltration anesthesia in patients about to undergo gamma knife surgeries. METHODS: The three interventions employed in a university-affiliated Hospital in J City, South Korea were as follows: EMLA cream plus Vapocoolant spray (Vapocoolant, n=30), EMLA cream plus 10.0% Lidocaine spray (Lidocaine, n=30), and EMLA cream only (EMLA, n=30). The equivalent control-group pre test - post test study design was used. Pain was assessed subjectively using the numeric rating scale (NRS) and objectively using a Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) tester. NRS scores were assessed after infiltration anesthesia and the GSR was assessed during infiltration anesthesia. Blood pressure and pulse rate were assessed twice: before and after infiltration anesthesia. Data were collected between August 3, 2016 and March 24, 2017. RESULTS: NRS scores after infiltration anesthesia and the GSR during infiltration anesthesia were significantly lower in the Vapocoolant group than in the Lidocaine and EMLA groups (F=13.56, p<.001 and F=14.43, p<.001, respectively). The increase in systolic blood pressure (F=4.77, p=.011) and in pulse rates (F=4.78, p=.011) before and after infiltration anesthesia were significantly smaller in the Vapocoolant group than in the Lidocaine and EMLA groups; however, no significant differences were observed in diastolic blood pressures (F=1.51, p=.227). CONCLUSION: EMLA cream plus Vapocoolant spray was the most effective intervention to relieve pain and to lower increase in systolic blood pressure and pulse rate caused by infiltration anesthesia for stereotactic frame fixation. Thus, application of Vapocoolant spray in addition to EMLA cream is highly recommended as a nursing intervention for patients undergoing gamma knife surgeries.

[Effects of a Patient Educational Video Program on Bowel Preparation Prior to Colonoscopy].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an educational video program on bowel preparation for a colonoscopy. METHODS: The study used a non-equivalent control group and non-synchronized design as a quasi-experimental research involving 101 participants undergoing bowel preparation for a colonoscopy (experimental group 51, control group 50 subjects) at W. university hospital, from Aug. 7 to Oct. 31, 2013. The control group received verbal education with an explanatory note while the experimental group received education using a video program. To measure knowledge of diet restrictions and compliance with ingesting bowel preparation solutions, a questionnaire, based on The Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy's Guide (2003), developed by Sam-Sook You, was used after revisions and supplementation was done. To measure bowel cleanness, the 'Aronchick Bowel Preparation Scale' was adopted. Data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 12.0 program. RESULTS: A higher proportion of the experimental group showed a positive change in knowledge level on diet restrictions (U=1011.50, p=.035) and ingestion of bowel preparation solutions (U=980.50, p=.019), a higher level of compliance with diet restrictions (U=638.50, p<.001), ingesting bowel preparation solutions (U=668.00, p<.001) and the level of bowel cleanness (χ²=17.00, p<.001) than the control group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that a video educational program for patients having a colonoscopy can improve knowledge, level of compliance with diet restrictions, ingestion of bowel preparation solutions, and bowel cleanness. Therefore video educational program should be used with this patient group.

[Effects of human papillomavirus vaccination education on college women's knowledge, health belief, and preventive behavior intention].

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluated the effects of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination education on college women's knowledge of HPV, health beliefs (perceived severity and perceived susceptibility), and preventive behavior intention. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design with repeated measures was used. Participants were 125 female college students in one university, assigned to an experimental group (72 students) and control group (53 students). RESULTS: Two weeks after the intervention, the experimental group reported higher scores of knowledge, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and preventive behavior intention than the control group. All follow-up scores except intention measured at 5 weeks after the intervention from the experimental group remained still higher than those from the control group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the variable of preventive behavior intention which is believed to be the closest predictor of real vaccination rate could be affected by the education, but did not remain at the same level at 5 weeks. Therefore, additional interventions may need to be provided before the educational effect on preventive behavior intention is greatly diminished.

[A predictive model of health promotion behavior in obese school-age children].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to propose and to test a predictive model that could explain and predict the health promotion behavior of obese school-age children in Korea. METHODS: Participants for this study were 365 students from 13 elementary schools located in Jeonbuk Province, Korea. The data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 program and Amos 7.0 program. RESULTS: The results verified the factors that influence health promotion behavior of the participants. Important direct factors were prior health-related behavior, perceived self-efficacy, and commitment to a plan of action and indirect factors were perceived barrier and activity-related effect. These factors explained 75.3% of variance in the participants' health promotion behavior. The proposed model was concise and extensive in predicting health promotion behavior of the participants. CONCLUSION: Findings may provide useful assistance in developing effective nursing interventions for maintaining and promoting health promotion behavior in obese school-age children.

Gender differences in physical activity and its determinants in rural adults in Korea.

AIM: This study aimed to examine gender differences in physical activity and its determinants among rural adults in Korea. BACKGROUND: Only limited studies exist that examined gender differences in physical activity in Korean adults. Major determinants for physical activity such as self-efficacy, benefits and barriers have been studied, but little is known about their gender differences. Nurses promoting and teaching adults to increase physical activity need data for evidence-based practice. DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. METHOD: Participants were 481 adults living in a rural area of Korea. The physical activity status, exercise self-efficacy, benefits, barriers and sociodemographics were compared between men and women. Descriptive statistics, t-test and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The physical activity status, perceived self-efficacy and benefits of physical activity in women were significantly lower than those of men. For men, only self-efficacy was statistically significant in explaining recommended physical activity as well as physical activity participation. However, for women, benefits and barriers as well as self-efficacy significantly explained their participation of physical activity, but not the recommended physical activity. Unlike men, women's physical activity was significantly associated with sociodemographic factors. CONCLUSION: Gender differences found in this study should be the basis for evidence-based nursing practice. Tailored nursing interventions based on gender would improve physical activity of rural adults in Korea and beyond. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nurses providing care for rural adults should know the gender differences in the determinants of physical activity and provide gender-specific interventions to improve their physical activity.

Do the determinants of physical activity change by physical activity level?

AIM: The paper reports on a study to describe the determinants of physical activity according to physical activity level among rural women in Korea. BACKGROUND: The benefits of physical activity for promoting health and preventing illness are well known, and gender and regional disparities in physical activity have been reported. Although the number of women who perform physical activity has increased, many still do not meet the recommended levels to gain health benefits. METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a structured questionnaire. A convenience sample of 245 women living in a rural area of Korea was recruited during 2004. Self-efficacy, benefits, barriers and sociodemographics were examined in relation to three levels of physical activity: inactive, insufficiently active and active. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression were used for data analysis. RESULT: Perceived self-efficacy, benefits and barriers were statistically significant determinants only when the insufficiently active group was compared with the inactive group. Sociodemographic factors related to work and family roles statistically significantly explained the physical activity levels of rural women. CONCLUSION: Nursing interventions to increase self-efficacy and benefits, or decrease perceived barriers could be effective for initiating physical activity for inactive women, whereas the same may not apply for insufficiently active women. Insufficiently active women may have false confidence that their physical activity will help them gain health benefits. Reducing the burdens of work and family roles of rural women might improve their physical activity levels.