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1.
Nucleic Acids Res ; 52(15): 8643-8660, 2024 Aug 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38936834

RESUMO

R-loops cause genome instability, disrupting normal cellular functions. Histone acetylation, particularly by p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), is essential for maintaining genome stability and regulating cellular processes. Understanding how R-loop formation and resolution are regulated is important because dysregulation of these processes can lead to multiple diseases, including cancer. This study explores the role of PCAF in maintaining genome stability, specifically for R-loop resolution. We found that PCAF depletion promotes the generation of R-loop structures, especially during ongoing transcription, thereby compromising genome stability. Mechanistically, we found that PCAF facilitates histone H4K8 acetylation, leading to recruitment of the a double-strand break repair protein (MRE11) and exonuclease 1 (EXO1) to R-loop sites. These in turn recruit Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins, including FANCM and BLM, to resolve the R-loop structure. Our findings suggest that PCAF, histone acetylation, and FA proteins collaborate to resolve R-loops and ensure genome stability. This study therefore provides novel mechanistic insights into the dynamics of R-loops as well as the role of PCAF in preserving genome stability. These results may help develop therapeutic strategies to target diseases associated with genome instability.


R-loops are harmful DNA-RNA hybrid structures that cause genome instability, disrupting normal cell functions. This study explored the role of the protein PCAF in resolving R-loops to maintain genome stability. The researchers found that depleting PCAF leads to increased R-loop formation, especially during transcription, compromising the genome. Mechanistically, PCAF facilitates histone acetylation, recruiting proteins like MRE11, EXO1, FANCM and BLM to R-loop sites. These proteins collaborate to resolve R-loop structures. The findings suggest that PCAF, histone acetylation, and these repair proteins work together to untangle R-loops and preserve genome integrity. Understanding this process provides insights into R-loop dynamics and PCAF's role in genome maintenance, potentially leading to therapeutic strategies for diseases associated with genome instability, such as cancer.


Assuntos
Instabilidade Genômica , Histonas , Estruturas R-Loop , Fatores de Transcrição de p300-CBP , Acetilação , Histonas/metabolismo , Histonas/genética , Fatores de Transcrição de p300-CBP/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição de p300-CBP/genética , Humanos , Exodesoxirribonucleases/metabolismo , Exodesoxirribonucleases/genética , Reparo do DNA , Enzimas Reparadoras do DNA
2.
J Occup Environ Med ; 66(8): e359-e364, 2024 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38769075

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study examined how perceived people-oriented culture (POC) was associated with burnout, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic among emergency medical service (EMS) providers in Korea. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 693 EMS providers in 2021. RESULTS: Overall, prevalence of personal burnout, work-related burnout, and citizen-related burnout were 61.5%, 60.0%, and 60.6%, respectively. Prevalence of depressive symptoms was 25.1%. Prevalence of poor sleep quality, unrestful sleep, and sleep disturbance were 46.5%, 58.2%, and 52.2%, respectively. Compared to high POC group, higher prevalence of depressive symptoms was observed among medium (prevalence ratio: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.32) and low (prevalence ratio: 2.70, 95% CI: 1.92, 3.79) POC group. Similar trends were observed in the analysis of burnout and sleep problems. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underscore that low POC could play a critical role in worsening burnout, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems among EMS providers.


Assuntos
Esgotamento Profissional , COVID-19 , Depressão , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Humanos , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , COVID-19/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Auxiliares de Emergência/psicologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Inquéritos e Questionários , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos
3.
Epidemiol Health ; 45: e2023058, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37340845

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between lack of compensation for COVID-19-related overtime work (LCCOW) and burnout among emergency medical service (EMS) providers in Seoul, Korea. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 693 EMS providers in Seoul, Korea. Participants were classified into 3 groups according to their experience of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related overtime work and LCCOW: (1) "did not experience," (2) "experienced and was compensated," and (3) "experienced and was not compensated." Burnout was measured using the Korean version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, which has 3 subdomains: personal burnout (PB), work-related burnout (WRB), and citizen-related burnout (CRB). Multiple linear regression was applied to examine whether LCCOW was associated with burnout after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: In total, 74.2% of participants experienced COVID-19-related overtime work, and 14.6% of those who worked overtime experienced LCCOW. COVID-19-related overtime work showed a statistically non-significant association with burnout. However, the association differed by LCCOW. Compared to the "did not experience" group, the "experienced and was not compensated" group was associated with PB (ß=10.519; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.455 to 17.584), WRB (ß=10.339; 95% CI, 3.398 to 17.280), and CRB (ß=12.290; 95% CI, 6.900 to 17.680), whereas no association was observed for the "experienced and was compensated" group. Furthermore, an analysis restricted to EMS providers who worked overtime due to COVID-19 showed that LCCOW was associated with PB (ß=7.970; 95% CI, 1.064 to 14.876), WRB (ß=7.276; 95% CI, 0.270 to 14.283), and CRB (ß=10.000; 95% CI, 3.435 to 16.565). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that LCCOW could be critical in worsening burnout among EMS providers who worked overtime due to COVID-19.


Assuntos
Esgotamento Profissional , COVID-19 , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Esgotamento Psicológico , Seul , Inquéritos e Questionários
4.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 120(15): e2218361120, 2023 04 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37014852

RESUMO

The MOZ/MORF histone acetyltransferase complex is highly conserved in eukaryotes and controls transcription, development, and tumorigenesis. However, little is known about how its chromatin localization is regulated. Inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) tumor suppressor is a subunit of the MOZ/MORF complex. Nevertheless, the in vivo function of ING5 remains unclear. Here, we report an antagonistic interaction between Drosophila Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) (Tctp) and ING5 (Ing5) required for chromatin localization of the MOZ/MORF (Enok) complex and H3K23 acetylation. Yeast two-hybrid screening using Tctp identified Ing5 as a unique binding partner. In vivo, Ing5 controlled differentiation and down-regulated epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, whereas it is required in the Yorkie (Yki) pathway to determine organ size. Ing5 and Enok mutants promoted tumor-like tissue overgrowth when combined with uncontrolled Yki activity. Tctp depletion rescued the abnormal phenotypes of the Ing5 mutation and increased the nuclear translocation of Ing5 and chromatin binding of Enok. Nonfunctional Enok promoted the nuclear translocation of Ing5 by reducing Tctp, indicating a feedback mechanism between Tctp, Ing5, and Enok to regulate histone acetylation. Therefore, Tctp is essential for H3K23 acetylation by controlling the nuclear translocation of Ing5 and chromatin localization of Enok, providing insights into the roles of human TCTP and ING5-MOZ/MORF in tumorigenesis.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Drosophila , Drosophila , Animais , Humanos , Drosophila/genética , Histona Acetiltransferases/metabolismo , Cromatina/genética , Genes Supressores de Tumor , Carcinogênese/genética , Ligação Proteica , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genética , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/genética , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo
5.
Subst Use Misuse ; 58(8): 1069-1074, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37073632

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Prescription opioids (POs) have had a devastating effect on people and public health systems in the U.S. Due to the urgency and complexity of the opioid crisis, there is a need to expand qualitative research on the medical community's perspectives on opioid prescribing practices and the role that prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) have played in mitigating this crisis. METHODS: We conducted qualitative interviews with clinicians (n = 23) across specialties and a range of overdose hotspot and coldspot locations in Massachusetts during 2019. We aimed to capture their perspectives on the opioid crisis, changes in clinical practice, and experiences with opioid prescribing and PDMPs. RESULTS: Respondents consistently recognized the role clinicians played in the opioid crisis and reported reductions in their opioid prescribing, which were motivated by the crisis itself. The limitations of opioids in pain management were frequently discussed. While clinicians appreciated having greater awareness of their opioid prescribing and increased access to patient prescription histories, they also expressed concerns about surveillance of their prescribing and other unintended consequences. We observed that clinicians in opioid prescribing hotspots had more detailed and specific reflections on their experiences with the Massachusetts PDMP, MassPAT. CONCLUSION: Clinician perceptions of the severity of the opioid crisis in Massachusetts and thoughts on their role as prescribers were consistent across specialty, prescribing level, and practice location. Many clinicians in our sample cited use of the PDMP as an influence on their prescribing. Those practicing in opioid overdose hotspots had the most nuanced reflections about the system.


Assuntos
Overdose de Drogas , Programas de Monitoramento de Prescrição de Medicamentos , Humanos , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Padrões de Prática Médica , Overdose de Drogas/epidemiologia , Massachusetts
6.
Plants (Basel) ; 12(6)2023 Mar 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36987078

RESUMO

Sageretia thea is used in the preparation of herbal medicine in China and Korea; this plant is rich in various bioactive compounds, including phenolics and flavonoids. The objective of the current study was to enhance the production of phenolic compounds in plant cell suspension cultures of Sageretia thea. Optimum callus was induced from cotyledon explants on MS medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; 0.5 mg L-1), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA, 0.5 mg L-1), kinetin (KN; 0.1 mg L-1) and sucrose (30 g L-1). Browning of callus was successfully avoided by using 200 mg L-1 ascorbic acid in the callus cultures. The elicitor effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was studied in cell suspension cultures, and the addition of 200 µM MeJA was found suitable for elicitation of phenolic accumulation in the cultured cells. Phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity were determined using 2,2 Diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays and results showed that cell cultures possessed highest phenolic and flavonoid content as well as highest DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP activities. Cell suspension cultures were established using 5 L capacity balloon-type bubble bioreactors using 2 L of MS medium 30 g L-1 sucrose and 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D, 0.5 mg L-1 NAA, and 0.1 mg L-1 KN. The optimum yield of 230.81 g of fresh biomass and 16.48 g of dry biomass was evident after four weeks of cultures. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed the cell biomass produced in bioreactors possessed higher concentrations of catechin hydrate, chlorogenic acid, naringenin, and other phenolic compounds.

7.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol ; 311: 104033, 2023 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36764504

RESUMO

Glottal closure has been considered as the primary constriction point during the compression phase (CP); however, vocal fold adduction alone cannot resist the high pressures, providing motivation to explore other mechanisms contributing to that resistance. The goal of this study was to identify site(s) and degree of constriction during the CP of cough of varying types in healthy young adults. Twenty-five healthy young participants participated in this study. The experimental protocol was comprised of: 1) baseline pulmonary function measures; 2) cough practice to establish weak, moderate and strong coughs; 3) voluntary and reflex cough assessments with fluoroscopy and airflow measures. We used a repeated measures ANOVA to identify whether there are differences in constriction ratio between cough types. There was a significant difference in constriction of varying cough types. Degree of constriction in all cough strengths showed that the glottis was the most constricted area, followed by the laryngeal vestibule, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, oropharynx, and cervical trachea, in order, but stronger cough resulted in more constriction in all areas compared to weaker cough. Degree of constriction in reflex cough showed a similar pattern though there was greater constriction in the oropharynx than the hypopharynx. Airflow measures in voluntary cough were consistent with previous findings. Differences in upper airway constriction during the compression phase of cough may be attributed to differences in motor control between reflex and voluntary cough, and the increased constriction seen during strong cough may reflect increased muscle recruitment during that task. In the future, we can use this knowledge to develop novel methods for cough rehabilitation.


Assuntos
Tosse , Laringe , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Constrição , Glote , Reflexo/fisiologia
8.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36767920

RESUMO

To address the numerous challenges associated with aging, increased attention has been given to the development of age-friendly cities and communities (AFCC) to promote healthy aging and social participation. However, limited evidence exists for addressing both health and social needs through the AFCC framework. We address this gap by conducting a scoping review of the interventions that target both health and social outcomes within the purview of the AFCC framework. The results showed that many of the successful interventions used a partnership model and behavioral change theories to inform the program design and implementation. The results also indicated that social participation and engagement played a key role in making the interventions successful. However, the results revealed that the literature is dominated by person-focused approaches. Future research should focus more on evaluating environmental-focused interventions and develop a holistic framework that combines both person- and environment-based approaches to healthy aging.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Humanos , Cidades
9.
Int J Speech Lang Pathol ; 25(2): 269-280, 2023 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35282718

RESUMO

PURPOSE: A previous 2014 systematic review outlining the treatment effects of swallowing therapies in Parkinson's disease (PD) demonstrated a lack of well-designed randomised controlled studies. This current review presents and evaluates the latest evidence for behaviour swallowing therapies for PD-related dysphagia to enhance speech-language pathologists' evidence-based decision-making around treatment choices. METHOD: A systematic review of articles published in English and Korean was conducted from January 2014 through June 2020 using the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Two authors independently searched the literature and differences after the search were settled following discussion and consensus. Identified studies were evaluated for quality with the ABC rating scale and critical appraisal criteria. RESULT: Eight studies after initial search and three additional studies which met our original criteria but were not freely available, or published after the initial search period were also included. Eleven studies included the following treatments: biofeedback therapy (N = 1), respiratory-swallow coordination training (N = 2), neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) (N = 1), expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) (N = 2), intensive exercise-based swallowing program (ISP) (N = 1), chin-down strategy (N = 2), Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (N = 1), and therapeutic singing (N = 1). CONCLUSION: Most of the behavioural therapies improved swallowing function in PD. Treatments that enhanced airway function globally demonstrated positive effects on swallow function as did intensive, targeted swallowing treatment. However, the chin-down strategy did not show a significant effect on swallowing measured by flexible endoscopic evaluations of swallowing. EMST detraining effects implied a need to design maintenance training in PD. In the future, well-designed randomised controlled trials are needed to consolidate the effects of these therapies.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Deglutição , Doença de Parkinson , Humanos , Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/terapia , Deglutição , Doença de Parkinson/complicações , Doença de Parkinson/terapia
10.
Chemosphere ; 307(Pt 3): 135838, 2022 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35963384

RESUMO

This study explored the impact of gas treatments on the structures of multi-walled carbon nanotubes supported Pd (CNT-Pd) catalysts used for electrocatalytic H2O2 reduction and the Heck cross-coupling reaction. The CNT-Pd catalyst was prepared by anchoring Pd nanoparticles on thiolated CNTs. XPS was conducted to examine the surface composition and electronic structure changes of the CNT-Pd catalyst before and after gas treatment. The XPS results revealed that as-prepared CNT-Pd contains at least two different oxidation states on the surface, whereon their proportions depend on the gas used for treatment. Treatment with H2 leads to Pd(0) enrichment near the surface, while O2 treatment causes Pd(Ⅱ) enrichment of CNT-Pd. All catalysts containing both Pd(0) and Pd(Ⅱ) were active toward H2O2 reduction, and the Heck cross-coupling reaction of n-butyl acrylate and 4-iodotoluene; increased proportion of metallic Pd(0) boosted the catalytic reaction. However, the catalyst stability increased as the amount of Pd(II) increased.

11.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil ; 103(12): 2391-2397, 2022 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35760108

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of multimodal rehabilitation initiated immediately after esophageal cancer surgery on physical recovery compared with conventional pulmonary rehabilitation. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Private quaternary care hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-nine inpatients (N=59) who participated in either conventional pulmonary rehabilitation (n=30) or in multimodal rehabilitation (n=29) after esophageal cancer surgery were included. INTERVENTIONS: Both groups performed pulmonary exercises, including deep breathing, chest expansion, inspiratory muscle training, coughing, and manual vibration. In the conventional pulmonary rehabilitation group, light-intensity mat exercise, stretching, and walking were performed. The multimodal rehabilitation group performed resistance exercises and moderate- to high-intensity aerobic interval exercises using a bicycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), pain, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 30-second chair stand test, and grip strengths were assessed before and after the rehabilitation programs. RESULTS: Symptom scales of pain, dyspnea, and insomnia in the EORTC QLQ-C30 as well as 6MWT improved significantly after each program (P<.05). 6MWT (73.1±52.6 vs 28.4±14.3, P<.001, d=1.15), 30-second chair stand test (3.5±3.9 vs 0.35±2.0, P<.001, d=1.06), and left grip strength (1.2±1.3 vs 0.0±1.5, P=.002, d=0.42) improved significantly in the multimodal rehabilitation group compared with the pulmonary rehabilitation group. While right grip strength also showed more improvement for those undergoing the multimodal program, the mean strength difference was not clinically meaningful. CONCLUSIONS: A multimodal inpatient rehabilitation program instituted early after esophageal cancer surgery improved endurance for walking more than conventional pulmonary rehabilitation as measured by the 6MWT and the 30-second chair stand test.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Esofágicas , Pacientes Internados , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos Retrospectivos , Terapia por Exercício , Dor , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirurgia
12.
J Dev Biol ; 9(4)2021 Oct 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34698231

RESUMO

Dynein is a multi-subunit motor protein that moves toward the minus-end of microtubules, and plays important roles in fly development. We identified Dhc64Cm115, a new mutant allele of the fly Dynein heavy chain 64C (Dhc64C) gene whose heterozygotes survive against lethality induced by overexpression of Sol narae (Sona). Sona is a secreted metalloprotease that positively regulates Wingless (Wg) signaling, and promotes cell survival and proliferation. Knockdown of Dhc64C in fly wings induced extensive cell death accompanied by widespread and disorganized expression of Wg. The disrupted pattern of the Wg protein was due to cell death of the Wg-producing cells at the DV midline and overproliferation of the Wg-producing cells at the hinge in disorganized ways. Coexpression of Dhc64C RNAi and p35 resulted in no cell death and normal pattern of Wg, demonstrating that cell death is responsible for all phenotypes induced by Dhc64C RNAi expression. The effect of Dhc64C on Wg-producing cells was unique among components of Dynein and other microtubule motors. We propose that Dhc64C differentially regulates survival of Wg-producing cells, which is essential for maintaining normal expression pattern of Wg for wing development.

13.
Subst Use Misuse ; 56(7): 1045-1053, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33825669

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In March 2019, our health system launched a project called Linking MATTERS (Medication for Addiction Treatment linkage Through Emergency depaRtmentS) to initiate evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) with buprenorphine-naloxone (B/N) in our emergency departments and connect patients to our primary care sites to continue their addiction care. Methods: Six months after project implementation, we conducted in-depth interviews with frontline providers (n = 14), including emergency physicians and hospitalists, recovery coaches, ED and outpatient nurses, and case managers. We used qualitative thematic analysis to identify barriers and facilitators to implementation and suggestions for improving the project. Results: We identified five salient themes: (1) provider trainings: mandated, rather than optional trainings, facilitated provider uptake; (2) provider attitudes: there was a growing recognition of addiction as a chronic, medical disease and the value of B/N in supporting patients' recovery, driven by a desire to make a difference in patients' lives; (3) patient engagement: frontline providers with lived experience of addiction who had designated time (such as recovery coaches) were optimally positioned to engage patients; (4) the linking mechanism: personal connections between ED and outpatient providers, rather than follow-up telephone calls, facilitated linkage; and (5) suggestions for improving the program, including: a physical space/bridge clinic to provide patient linkage, expansion of the recovery coach program, and standardized, evidence-based interdisciplinary trainings for all frontline providers. Conclusion: The insights provided will support further program modifications. Healthcare systems should explore whether the components we identified warrant attention locally based on their unique infrastructure and culture.


Assuntos
Buprenorfina , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides , Buprenorfina/uso terapêutico , Combinação Buprenorfina e Naloxona/uso terapêutico , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Humanos , Assistência de Longa Duração , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/uso terapêutico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/tratamento farmacológico
14.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health ; 94(6): 1405-1413, 2021 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33813675

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to examine whether the experience of occupational injuries was associated with depressive symptoms and whether the rejection of workers' compensation claims was associated with depressive symptoms among Korean firefighters. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide survey of 6793 Korean firefighters in 2015. Based on the experience of occupational injuries and workers' compensation claims over the past year, respondents were classified into four groups: "Not injured", "Injured, not applied", "Injured, applied, but rejected" and "Injured, applied, and accepted." Depressive symptoms over the preceding week were assessed using the 11-item version of the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. RESULTS: Compared to firefighters who did not get injured, injured firefighters had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (PR 2.01, 95% CI 1.83, 2.22) after controlling for confounders including job assignment. Also, when we restricted the analysis to injured firefighters, a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms was observed among "Injured, applied, but rejected" (PR 1.70, 95% CI 1.11, 2.59) group, compared to "Injured, applied, and accepted" group. CONCLUSIONS: This finding suggests that rejection of workers' compensation claims, as well as the experience of occupational injuries, may increase the risk of depressive symptoms among Korean firefighters.


Assuntos
Depressão/epidemiologia , Bombeiros/psicologia , Traumatismos Ocupacionais/psicologia , Indenização aos Trabalhadores/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Traumatismos Ocupacionais/economia , Traumatismos Ocupacionais/epidemiologia , República da Coreia/epidemiologia
15.
BMC Psychiatry ; 21(1): 162, 2021 03 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33757483

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We sought to examine the association between childhood experience of parental death (CEPD) and adulthood suicidal ideation, and the mediating role of adulthood SES in the association. METHODS: We analyzed a nationally representative dataset of 8609 adults from the Korea Welfare Panel Study, which is a longitudinal cohort dataset in South Korea. CEPD was measured using a question: "During your childhood (0-17 years old), have you experienced the death of parents?" We classified responses of CEPD during 2006-2011 into 'yes,' and the others into 'no.' Suicidal ideation over the past year was assessed annually during 2012-2019. As a potential mediator, adulthood educational attainment and household income in 2011 were included in the analysis. Logistic regression was applied to examine the association of CEPD with adulthood suicidal ideation across age groups (early adulthood, 19-39 years old; middle adulthood, 40-59 years old; late adulthood, ≥60 years old), after excluding people who reported lifetime suicidal ideation in 2011. Causal mediation analysis using a parametric regression model was applied to examine the mediating role of adulthood SES in the association between CEPD and adulthood suicidal ideation. RESULTS: After adjusting for potential confounders including childhood SES, CEPD was significantly associated with adulthood suicidal ideation among the late adulthood group (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.13-1.81), while the association was not statistically significant among the early; and middle adulthood groups. In mediation analysis of adulthood household income, both indirect association (ORNIE: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02-1.09) and direct association (ORNDE: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.09-1.73) were statistically significant among the late adulthood group. In the mediation analysis of adulthood education attainment among the late adulthood, only a direct association was statistically significant (ORNDE: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.14-1.80). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CEPD could be a risk factor for adulthood suicidal ideation. Furthermore, the findings imply that income security policy might be necessary to reduce suicide among the late adulthood group.


Assuntos
Morte Parental , Suicídio , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Análise de Mediação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Ideação Suicida , Adulto Jovem
16.
Soc Work Public Health ; 36(2): 276-285, 2021 02 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33586636

RESUMO

The purpose of this article is to examine whether disability acceptance mediates the association between discrimination and life satisfaction of people with disabilities. The Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED), a dataset consisting of a nationally representative sample of individuals with disabilities in South Korea was used. We found that discrimination had a negative effect on the life satisfaction of people with disabilities. We also found that discrimination had a negative influence on disability acceptance. And finally, this study found a partially mediating effect of disability acceptance between discrimination and the life satisfaction of people with disabilities. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.


Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência , Satisfação Pessoal , Emprego , Humanos , República da Coreia , Inquéritos e Questionários
17.
AIDS Behav ; 25(3): 897-907, 2021 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33001353

RESUMO

The HIV care continuum (HCC), comprised of five steps (screening, linkage to care, treatment initiation, retention, and viral suppression), is used to monitor treatment delivery to people living with HIV (PLWH). The HCC has primarily focused on large urban or metropolitan areas where the situation may differ from that in smaller cities. Three themes (i.e., knowledge, stigma, stability) that shaped HCC outcomes were identified from analysis of two qualitative studies involving HIV service providers, public health experts, and PLWH in smaller cities of southern New England. The findings suggest that enhancing HCC outcomes require a multiprong approach that targets both the individual and organizational levels and includes interventions to increase health literacy, staff communication skills, universal screening to assess patients' religiosity/spirituality and supplemental service needs. Interventions that further ensure patient confidentiality and the co-location and coordination of HIV and other healthcare services are particularly important in smaller cities.


RESUMEN: El cuidado continuo de VIH (HCC), constado de cinco etapas (pruebas, vinculación al cuidado, inico del tratamiento, retención, y supresión viral), se emplea para monitorizar la entrega de tratamientos a las personas que vivien con VIH (PLWH). El HCC ha enfocado principalmente en áreas grandes y urbanas o áreas metropolitanas, donde la situación podría ser diferente que la de las ciudades más pequeñas. Tres temas (i.e., conocimiento, estigma, estabilidad) que formaron los resultados de HCC fueron identificados con análisis de dos estudios cualitativos que involucraron los proveedores de servicios de VIH, expertos de la salud pública, y PLWH en ciudades más pequeñas en las partes sureñas de Nueva Inglaterra. Los hallazgos sugieren que la mejora de los resultados de HCC requiere un enfoque multidimensional que se dirigen a ambos niveles del individuo y organización, y que incluyen intervenciones para aumentar la alfabetización sanitaria, la habilidad de comunicación del personal, la prueba universal para evaluar la religiosidad/espiritualidad de los pacientes y la necesidad de servicios suplementarios. Intervenciones que aseguran aún más la confidencialidad de los pacientes y el co-ubicación y coordinación de los servicios de VIH y otras asistencias medicas son particularmente importantes en ciudades pequeñas.


Assuntos
Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde Pública , Estigma Social , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Cidades , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Pessoal de Saúde , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , New England/epidemiologia , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Religião , Apoio Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espiritualidade
18.
Clin Microbiol Infect ; 27(8): 1120-1123, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32971252

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: High-risk healthcare workers (HCWs) are often screened for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) using QuantiFERON tests (QFTs), with annual serial tests often showing reversion from positive to negative results. We assessed the frequency of and risk factors for reversion of QFTs in HCWs in an intermediate-tuberculosis burden country. METHODS: We enrolled high-risk HCWs at a tertiary-care hospital in South Korea, who were assessed by QFTs at least twice between 2017 and 2019. RESULTS: Of the 1870 HCWs screened, 1542 (82%) had persistent negative results, 229 (12%) had persistent positive results, 53 (3%) showed reversion, and 46 (2%) showed conversion from negative to positive. Multivariate analysis comparing the characteristics of the 229 HCWs with persistent positive results and the 53 who experienced reversion showed that older age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92-0.99), male sex (aOR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.11-0.78) and high (≥0.70 IU/mL) baseline QFT results (aOR: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.07-0.31) were inversely associated with reversion. Using an ROC curve-derived cut-off of <0.738 IU/mL, the area under the curve was 0.79. Of 53 HCWs with reversion, 36 (78%) had below 0.738 IU/mL of baseline QFT, while 181 (79%) of 229 HCWs without reversion had above 0.738 IU/mL of baseline QFT. CONCLUSION: Reversion during serial testing is unlikely in HCWs who are male, older in age, and have higher baseline QFT results. Serial testing without LTBI treatment may be indicated in HCWs who are female, younger and, especially, have lower QFT results.


Assuntos
Pessoal de Saúde , Tuberculose Latente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Testes de Liberação de Interferon-gama , Tuberculose Latente/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Latente/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , República da Coreia , Fatores de Risco , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Teste Tuberculínico
19.
Int J Equity Health ; 19(1): 198, 2020 11 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33158449

RESUMO

While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an ongoing worldwide, including South Korea (hereinafter Korea), it is impossible to predict the duration of the pandemic. To stop the spread of COVID-19, "social distancing," which included mandatory lockdown, and attention to personal hygiene are being adopted globally as non-pharmaceutical preventive strategies. In Korea, after maintaining strong social distancing rules for a while, the government transitioned to implementing "distancing in daily life" since May 6, 2020. The distancing in daily life was combined with infection prevention activities to stop the COVID-19 pandemic, while guaranteeing one's daily life and economic activities.In this regard, the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Korea disclosed key rules for personal quarantine. The five key rules for individual infection control are as follows: to stay at home for 3-4 days if you feel unwell, keep a distance of two arms' length from others, to wash your hands for 30 s and cough or sneeze into your sleeves, ventilate at least twice a day and disinfect regularly, and stay connected while physically distancing. However, for vulnerable populations, it is very difficult to follow such rules.Thus, we attempted to recommend how the society could support such vulnerable populations who may face difficulties in following these individual infection control rules. Through our recommendations for the weakest part of our society, we expect to strengthen the overall social structure.


Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Populações Vulneráveis , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Governo , Humanos , Higiene , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Distância Psicológica , Quarentena/legislação & jurisprudência , República da Coreia/epidemiologia
20.
J Evid Based Soc Work (2019) ; 17(6): 749-760, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32808579

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine factors that have an effect on the employment status of women with disabilities. METHOD: Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the factors affecting the employment of women with disabilities using the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED). FINDINGS: We found that education, possession of qualification, degree of disability, health status, self-efficacy, and self-esteem had a positive effect on the employment status of disabled women. DISCUSSION: This study focuses on analyzing the effects of demographic, human capital, disability and health, and psychological as well as emotional factors on the employment status of disabled women. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to promote possession of qualification and health-related programs targeting unemployed disabled women, which can improve the employment rate of women with disabilities. Besides, programs that improve self-efficacy and self-esteem taking into comprehensive consideration the characteristics of women with disabilities should be developed.


Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Pessoas com Deficiência/estatística & dados numéricos , Emprego/psicologia , Emprego/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Estado Civil , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Regressão , República da Coreia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários
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