RESUMO
We investigate how a symmetric penetrable object immersed in an active fluid becomes motile due to a negative drag acting in the direction of its velocity. While similar phenomena have been reported only for active fluids that possess polar or nematic order, we demonstrate that such motility can occur even in active fluids without any preexisting order. The emergence of object motility is characterized by both continuous and discontinuous transitions associated with the symmetry-breaking bifurcation of the object's steady-state velocity. Furthermore, we also discuss the relevance of the transitions to the nonmonotonic particle-size dependence of the object's diffusion coefficient.
RESUMO
To analyze the predictive value of salivary pepsin for treatment outcomes in laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) using multivariate analysis that includes various associated factors. This prospective cohort study was conducted between August 2020 and August 2022. Patients with LPR who had symptoms lasting more than 1 month and a reflux symptom index (RSI) of 14 or higher were enrolled. The participants received a 2-month regimen of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) treatment and lifestyle modification. Salivary pepsin was checked using fasting saliva before treatment. Salivary pepsin was detected more frequently in the good treatment response group (61.1%), compared to 14.3% in the poor response group. Similarly, patients with higher compliance to lifestyle modifications (> 90%) had a higher chance of a good response (91.7%) compared to those with lower compliance, who had a 53.8% chance of a good response. Other clinical factors have no significant association with treatment response. In multivariate analysis, both pretreatment salivary pepsin and higher compliance with lifestyle modification were found to be independent factors for treatment response (OR 14.457, CI 1.075 ~ 194.37 for both). This study found that positive salivary pepsin and strict lifestyle modification are independent predictors of treatment outcomes in LPR.