Host-Parasite Relationship of Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae and Argasidae) and Feral Pigs (Sus scrofa) in the Nhecolândia Region of the Pantanal Wetlands in Mato Grosso do Sul.

Feral pigs (S. scrofa) were introduced to the Pantanal region around 200 years ago and the population appears to be in expansion. Its eradication is considered to be impossible. The population of feral pigs in the Pantanal wetlands is currently estimated at one million. Two scientific excursions were organized. The first was conducted during the dry season, when 21 feral pigs were captured and the second was during the wet season, when 23 feral pigs were captured. Ticks were collected and the oviposition and hatching process were studied to confirm the biological success of each tick species. Three tick species were found to be feeding on feral pigs: Amblyomma cajennense, A. parvum, and Ornithodoros rostratus. During the dry season, 178 adult A. cajennense were collected, contrasting with 127 A. cajennense specimens in the wet season. This suggests that the seasonality of these ticks in the Brazilian Pantanal wetlands could be different from other regions. The results indicate that A. parvum and A. cajennense are biologically successful parasites in relation to feral pigs. A. cajennense appears to have adapted to this tick-host relationship, as well as the areas where feral pigs are abundant, and could play a role in the amplification of this tick population.

Growth parameters estimates for a small fish of the Pantanal, Brazil: Moenkhausia dichroura (Characiformes; Characidae).

Growth parameters were estimated for Moenkhausia dichroura (Kner, 1858) (Characiformes, Characidae), a small-sized and very abundant fish of the Pantanal lentic habitats commonly known as "pequira ". A method based on the length frequencies distribution and the ELEFAN I routine from the FISAT program were used. The fish were collected in the Baia da Onça, an oxbowlake of the sub-region Pantanal of Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from June to December 1988. The standard length of the captured fishes ranged from 29 to 76 mm with an average of 53 mm. The estimated growth parameters were L(infinity) = 81 mm (standard length), k = 0.85 year(-1), C = 0.89, WP = 0.6 (Rn = 0.285). The WP indicated that growth reduction occurred in July, when the lowest temperature of the year was registered. The growth curve showed that captured individuals belonged to three cohorts. The obtained results seem robust and quite compatible with the biology of the fish and its adjustment to the environment. M. dichroura, in spite of not being a direct fishing interest, is an important species in terms of its ecological aspects, due to its abundance and high growth rate, and as a great food source for aquatic organisms and specially for larger fish of economic value. Considering the information gap about small fish, the parameters estimated for pequira constitute a comparison base for other growth studies of small-sized fish species of tropical environments.

Growth parameters estimates for a small fish of the Pantanal, Brazil: Moenkhausia dichroura (Characiformes; Characidae)

Growth parameters were estimated for Moenkhausia dichroura (Kner, 1858) (Characiformes, Characidae), a small-sized and very abundant fish of the Pantanal lentic habitats commonly known as "pequira ". A method based on the length frequencies distribution and the ELEFAN I routine from the FISAT program were used. The fish were collected in the Baia da Onça, an oxbowlake of the sub-region Pantanal of Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from June to December 1988. The standard length of the captured fishes ranged from 29 to 76 mm with an average of 53 mm. The estimated growth parameters were L¥ = 81 mm (standard length), k = 0.85 year-1, C = 0.89, WP = 0.6 (Rn = 0.285). The WP indicated that growth reduction occurred in July, when the lowest temperature of the year was registered. The growth curve showed that captured individuals belonged to three cohorts. The obtained results seem robust and quite compatible with the biology of the fish and its adjustment to the environment. M. dichroura, in spite of not being a direct fishing interest, is an important species in terms of its ecological aspects, due to its abundance and high growth rate, and as a great food source for aquatic organisms and specially for larger fish of economic value. Considering the information gap about small fish, the parameters estimated for pequira constitute a comparison base for other growth studies of small-sized fish species of tropical environments.

Neste estudo foram estimados os parâmetros de crescimento para Moenkhausia dichroura (Kner, 1858) (Characiformes, Characidae), um peixe de pequeno porte e muito abundante nos ambientes lênticos do Pantanal, onde é conhecido, vulgarmente, como "pequira". Para a estimativa dos parâmetros, foi utilizada uma metodologia baseada na distribuição mensal das freqüências de comprimento por meio da rotina ELEFAN I do programa FISAT. Os peixes foram coletados na Baía da Onça, uma lagoa do Pantanal do rio Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul - Brasil, entre junho e dezembro de 1988. O comprimento dos exemplares capturados variou de 29 a 76 mm com média igual a 53 mm. Os melhores ajustes obtidos para os parâmetros de crescimento foram L¥ = 81 mm (comprimento padrão), k = 0.85 ano-1, C = 0.89 e WP = 0.6 (Rn = 0.285). O valor de WP indicou que a redução do crescimento ocorreu em julho, quando foram registradas as menores temperaturas do ano. A curva de crescimento obtida indicou que foram capturados indivíduos pertencentes a três cortes. Os resultados obtidos parecem robustos e bastante compatíveis com a biologia do peixe e seu ajuste ao ambiente. M. dichroura, apesar de não ser de interesse direto para a pesca, é uma espécie importante sob o ponto de vista ecológico, em função de sua abundância e elevada taxa de crescimento corporal, constituindo uma grande fonte de alimento para os demais organismos aquáticos e, sobretudo, para os peixes maiores de valor econômico. Em função da carência de informações, os parâmetros aqui estimados para a pequira constituem uma base de comparação para outros estudos sobre o crescimento de espécies de peixes de pequeno porte nos ambientes tropicais.