Contemporary Outcomes of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Indigenous Compared with Non-Indigenous Patients: A Northern Saskatchewan Perspective.

BACKGROUND: In patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the impact of efforts leveraged at bridging historical care gaps between Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients remains limited. METHODS: For consecutive ACS presentations (STEMI and NSTEMI/UA, respectively) at the Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, we compared between self-identified Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients their demographics, treatments and all-cause mortality (in-hospital and 3-years). We used propensity score-inverse probability weighting to mitigate confounding, and Cox regression models to estimate the adjusted hazard (aHR, 95% confidence intervals) for all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Of 3946 ACS patients, 37.2% (n=1468) were STEMI of whom 11.3% (n=166) were Indigenous. Of the NSTEMI/UA (n=2478), 12.6% (n=311) were Indigenous. Overall, Indigenous compared with non-Indigenous patients were likely to be younger, female, have higher risk burden, and lived more remotely; Indigenous STEMI patients triaged to primary PCI had longer first medical contact-to-device times, while Indigenous NSTEMI/UA patients more likely to present with heart failure, cardiac arrest and/or cardiogenic shock. No significant differences were noted for in-hospital mortality (STEMI 8.4% vs 5.7%, p= 0.16; NSTEMI/UA 1.9% vs 1.6%, p=0.68), however, in follow-up, Indigenous STEMI patients associated with a higher all-cause mortality risk (aHR 1.98, 95% CI 1.19, 3.31, p=0.009) with no between-group differences evident for NSTEMI/UA (aHR 1.03, 95% CI 0.63 1.69, p=0.91). CONCLUSIONS: Indigenous compared with non-Indigenous patients presenting with an ACS had higher cardiovascular risk profiles, and consequently residual mortality risk. Improving primary care and intensifying secondary risk reduction, and particularly so for Indigenous patients, will substantially modify ACS outcomes in Saskatchewan.

HUI: Beautiful scars.

This article is the written account of a discussion between a group of indigenous women (trained both in Western and Indigenous knowledge systems), on the relevance of diagnosis in their conceptualisations of health and illness.

Infectious diseases in Indigenous populations in North America: learning from the past to create a more equitable future.

The COVID-19 pandemic, although a profound reminder of endured injustices by and the disparate impact of infectious diseases on Indigenous populations, has also served as an example of Indigenous strength and the ability to thrive anew. Many infectious diseases share common risk factors that are directly tied to the ongoing effects of colonisation. We provide historical context and case studies that illustrate both challenges and successes related to infectious disease mitigation in Indigenous populations in the USA and Canada. Infectious disease disparities, driven by persistent inequities in socioeconomic determinants of health, underscore the urgent need for action. We call on governments, public health leaders, industry representatives, and researchers to reject harmful research practices and to adopt a framework for achieving sustainable improvements in the health of Indigenous people that is both adequately resourced and grounded in respect for tribal sovereignty and Indigenous knowledge.

Genetics of caffeine and brain-related outcomes - a systematic review of observational studies and randomized trials.

CONTEXT: Although the stimulant and anxiogenic properties of caffeine are widely accepted, research on its specific effects on the brain remains controversial. Growing evidence shows that interindividual differences in caffeine response may be partly due to variations in genes such as CYP1A2 and ADORA2A, which have been used to identify individuals as "fast" or "slow" caffeine metabolizers and as having a "high" or "low" caffeine sensitivity, respectively. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review was to identify, evaluate, and discuss current evidence on the associations between common genetic variants, caffeine consumption, and brain-related outcomes in humans. DATA SOURCES: PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant reports based on a predetermined search strategy. DATA EXTRACTION: Reports of observational and experimental studies on healthy adults who underwent (a) genetic analysis for polymorphisms in genes associated with caffeine metabolism and effects and (b) measurements of brain-related effects such as anxiety, insomnia, and cognitive performance associated with the consumption of caffeine (habitual intake or supplementation) were included. DATA ANALYSIS: Of the 22 records included, 15 were randomized controlled trials, 6 were cross-sectional studies, and 1 was a genome-wide association study. The main outcomes identified were cognitive performance (n = 9), anxiety (n = 7), and sleep disturbance/insomnia (n = 6). Polymorphisms in the CYP1A2 gene were associated with cognitive function, while variations in the ADORA2A gene were associated with anxiety and sleep disturbance. CONCLUSION: The present review has provided evidence that variability in the CYP1A2 and the ADORA2A genes may modulate the association between caffeine and brain-related outcomes. Future studies are warranted to investigate the specific polymorphisms implicated in each brain outcome, which cognitive functions are particularly related to caffeine (simple vs complex), whether there are gender differences in anxiety effects, and how habitual caffeine intake may influence the acute effects of caffeine. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021257556.

Recurso audiovisual para el desarrollo de competencias interculturales en salud en estudiantes de enfermería / Audiovisual resources for developing intercultural competences in health in nursing students

Introducción: Se ha reconocido la importancia de los aspectos socioculturales de los individuos en la atención en salud para brindar cuidados centrados en las personas. En este sentido, los profesionales de salud requieren el desarrollo de competencia interculturales. Objetivo: Diseñar una estrategia didáctica a través de un recurso audiovisual para contribuir a la formación de competencia intercultural en salud en estudiantes de enfermería en la asignatura Fundamentos Socioantropológicos. Métodos: Se tuvo en cuenta un diseño no experimental, descriptivo y comparativo. Se elaboró una intervención educativa sobre la base de videos, acompañada de trabajo reflexivo y feedback de profesores, con medición pre- y posintervención, mediante la Escala de Capacidad Cultural. Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 77 respuestas válidas; 91,2 por ciento del género femenino. El 56,1 por ciento no presentaba formación previa en diversidad cultural. Al realizar la evaluación de la competencia intercultural pre- y posintervención, los estudiantes tuvieron un mayor puntaje posintervención (p< 0,05), lo que implicó un aumento en la competencia intercultural de estos. Conclusiones: Es posible contribuir a la formación de competencia intercultural en estudiantes de enfermería mediante videos (AU)

Introduction: The importance of sociocultural aspects of individuals in healthcare has been recognized with respect to providing person-centered care. In this sense, health professionals require the development of intercultural competences. Objective: To design a didactic strategy through an audiovisual resource to contribute to the development of intercultural competences in healthcare in Nursing students in the subject Socioanthropological Foundations. Methods: A nonexperimental, descriptive and comparative design was used. An educational intervention was elaborated upon the basis of videos, accompanied by reflective work and feedback from professors, with pre- and postintervention measurement using the Cultural Capacity Scale. Results: Seventy-seven valid responses were obtained; 91.2 percent belonged to the female gender. 56.1 percent had no previous training in cultural diversity. When performing the pre- and postintervention intercultural competence assessment, the students had a higher postintervention score (p< 0.05), which meant an increase in their intercultural competence. Conclusions: It is possible to contribute to the formation of intercultural competence in Nursing students through videos (AU)

The efficacy of genotype-based dietary or physical activity advice in changing behavior to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes mellitus or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

CONTEXT: Despite clear evidence that adherence to dietary and physical activity advice can reduce the risk of cardiometabolic disease, a significant proportion of the population do not follow recommendations. Personalized advice based on genetic variation has been proposed for motivating behavior change, although research on its benefits to date has been contradictory. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of genotype-based dietary or physical activity advice in changing behavior in the general population and in individuals who are at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched up to January 7, 2022. Randomized controlled trials of a genotype-based dietary and/or physical activity advice intervention that aimed to change dietary and/or physical activity behavior were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Abstracts of 7899 records were screened, and 14 reports from 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. DATA ANALYSIS: Genotype-based dietary or physical activity advice was found to have no effect on dietary behavior in any of the studies (standardized mean difference [SMD] .00 [-.11 to .11], P = .98), even when analyzed by subgroup: "at risk" (SMD .00 [-.16 to .16, P = .99]; general population (SMD .01 [-.14 to .16], P = .87). The physical activity behavior findings were similar for all studies (SMD -.01 [-.10 to .08], P = .88), even when analyzed by subgroup: "at risk" (SMD .07 [-.18 to .31], P = .59); general population (SMD -.02 [-.13 to .10], P = .77). The quality of the evidence for the dietary behavior outcome was low; for the physical activity behavior outcome it was moderate. CONCLUSIONS: Genotype-based advice does not affect dietary or physical activity behavior more than general advice or advice based on lifestyle or phenotypic measures. This was consistent in studies that recruited participants from the general population as well as in studies that had recruited participants from populations at risk of CVD or T2DM. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021231147.

How Will You Feel on Valentine's Day? Affective Forecasting and Recall Biases as a Function of Anxiety, Depression, and Borderline Personality Disorder Features.

Introduction: The prediction of affective experiences, also known as affective forecasting, is an integral component of individuals' decision-making processes. Yet, research consistently demonstrates that affective forecasts (AF) and recollections (AR) are generally inaccurate. Recent research has demonstrated distinct patterns of AF/R bias related to psychopathology. The present study examined the relationship between AF/R and features of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), anxiety, and depression using Valentine's Day as the target event. Methods: Undergraduate students (N=263; 33% white; 63% female; Mage=19.08) predicted their affective states a week before, and then reported their actual affective states on Valentine's Day and the two days after, and recalled Valentine's Day affect two days later. Results: Results indicate that higher BPD symptomatology predicted a significant overestimation of negative affect (B=.17, p=.02), even after controlling for anxiety and depression. Additionally, individuals' levels of depressive, anxious, and BPD symptomatology were significant predictors of AF of positive affect when entered into regression analyses separately, however when entered together, only depressive symptoms remained significant. Specifically, higher depressive symptoms predicted a significant underestimation of positive affect (B=-.21, p=.01). Discussion: Results were in line with prior research indicating that unique patterns of AF biases are associated with symptoms of psychopathology. However, results failed to support prior research linking AR biases to symptoms of psychopathology. Implications for future studies of affective biases and psychopathology more generally are discussed.

Does personalised nutrition advice based on apolipoprotein E and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype affect dietary behaviour?

Background: Dietary intake is linked to numerous modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Current dietary recommendations in the UK to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease are not being met. A genotype-based personalised approach to dietary recommendations may motivate individuals to make positive changes in their dietary behaviour. Aim: To determine the effect of a personalised nutrition intervention, based on apolipoprotein E (ApoE, rs7412; rs429358) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR, rs1801133) genotype, on reported dietary intake of saturated fat and folate in participants informed of a risk genotype compared to those informed of non-risk genotype. Methods: Baseline data (n = 99) were collected to determine genotype (non-risk vs risk), dietary intake and cardiovascular risk (Q-Risk®2 cardiovascular risk calculator). Participants were provided with personalised nutrition advice via email based on their ApoE and MTHFR genotype and reported intake of folate and saturated fat. After 10 days, dietary intake data were reported for a second time. Results: Personalised nutrition advice led to favourable dietary changes, irrespective of genotype, in participants who were not meeting dietary recommendations at baseline for saturated fat (p < 0.001) and folate (p = 0.002). Only participants who were informed of a risk ApoE genotype met saturated fat recommendations following personalised nutrition advice. Conclusion: Incorporation of genotype-based personalised nutrition advice in a diet behaviour intervention may elicit favourable changes in dietary behaviour in participants informed of a risk genotype. Participants informed of a non-risk genotype also respond to personalised nutrition advice favourably but to a lesser extent.

"Every One of Us Is a Strand in That Basket": Weaving Together Stories of Indigenous Wellness and Resilience From the Perspective of Those With Lived and Living Experience With HIV/Hepatitis C Virus.

ABSTRACT: This article primarily focuses on the stories shared by Indigenous women with living and/or lived experiences of HIV/hepatitis C virus from the Vancouver Downtown East Side who attended the "Awakening our Wisdom" retreat. Weaving together the story of an Indigenous approach to research that informed the design of the retreat and the findings that emerged, a basket is formed that highlights the ways settler-colonialism within Canada has produced a system of health care that has neglected the Indigenous experience. The emerging themes of Connection, Disconnection, and Reconnection offers teachings for Indigenous journeys of resilience and wellness for those living with HIV/hepatitis C virus. These findings may help health care practitioners identify health care places and spaces that are in need of decolonization and offer, from an Indigenous perspective, the next steps forward for a health care system that promotes Indigenous engagement and retention in care.

Timing of elimination of hepatitis C virus in Canada's provinces.

BACKGROUND: Infection with chronic hepatitis C virus is a global public health concern. A recent study concluded that Canada is on track to achieve hepatitis C elimination goals set by the World Health Organization if treatment levels are maintained. However, recently a falling temporal trend in treatments in Canada was observed, with most provinces seeing a decrease before the global coronavirus pandemic. This study assesses the timing of elimination of hepatitis C in the 10 provinces of Canada. METHODS: Previously published disease and economic burden model of hepatitis C infection was populated with the latest epidemiological and cost data for each Canadian province. Five scenarios were modelled: maintaining the status quo, decreasing diagnosis and treatment levels by 10% annually, decreasing diagnosis and treatment levels by 20% annually, increasing them by 10% annually, and assuming a scenario with no post-coronavirus pandemic recovery in treatment levels. Year of achieving hepatitis C elimination, necessary annual treatments for elimination, and associated disease and economic burden were determined for each province. RESULTS: If status quo is maintained, Manitoba, Ontario, and Québec are off track to achieve hepatitis C elimination by 2030 and would require 540, 7,700, and 2,800 annual treatments, respectively, to get on track. Timely elimination would save 170 lives and CAD $122.6 million in direct medical costs in these three provinces. CONCLUSIONS: Three of Canada's provinces-two of them the most populous in the country-are off track to achieve the hepatitis C elimination goal. Building frameworks and innovative approaches to prevention, testing, and treatment will be necessary to achieve this goal.

Summary of an environmental scan of HIV and Hepatitis C programs, projects and initiatives in Saskatchewan.

Background: In 2019, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV) diagnosis rates in Saskatchewan (SK) were approximately twice the national rate. To address these high levels, Saskatchewan Stories, a community-based digital database, was developed to make information on Saskatchewan-based HIV and HCV programs, projects and initiatives (PPI) centrally and freely available. To begin populating this database, we conducted an environmental scan representing HIV and HCV PPI from January 1, 1980 to May 31, 2020. Methods: MedLine, ERIC, ProQuest One Literature, Public Health Information database, SCOPUS and CINAHL were searched for both HIV and HCV articles. In addition, Bibliography of Native North Americans was searched for HIV and EMBSE (Ovid) and Indigenous studies portal (iPortal) were searched for HCV articles. Google Canada, Government of Saskatchewan, and Government of Canada websites were also searched. Results: In total, 139 HIV-specific PPI and 29 HCV-specific PPI were found in the environmental scan (n=168). Among HIV PPI, 27% (n=38) were from academic literature while 73% (n=101) were from grey literature. Among HCV PPI, 41% (n=12) were from academic literature, while 59% (n=17) were from grey literature. HIV accounted for 83% of total PPI, compared to 17% for HCV. Conclusion: This environmental scan is an important contribution to evidence-based practice and research in SK. It is particularly useful for organizations, researchers, policymakers and people living with HIV/HCV to develop new evidence-based PPI, to secure funding for PPI and to support individuals and communities in SK affected by HIV and HCV.

Dietary Intake and TCF7L2 rs7903146 T Allele Are Associated with Elevated Blood Glucose Levels in Healthy Individuals.

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a leading cause of global mortality with diet and genetics being considered amongst the most significant risk factors. Recently, studies have identified a single polymorphism of the TCF7L2 gene (rs7903146) as the most important genetic contributor. However, no studies have explored this factor in a healthy population and using glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), which is a reliable long-term indicator of glucose management. This study investigates the association of the genetic polymorphism rs7903146 and dietary intake with T2D risk in a population free of metabolic disease. METHODS: T2D risk was assessed using HbA1c plasma concentrations and dietary intake via a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire in 70 healthy participants. RESULTS: T allele carriers had higher HbA1c levels than the CC group (32.4 ± 7.2 mmol/mol vs. 30.3 ± 7.6 mmol/mol, p = 0.005). Multiple regression reported associations between diet, genotype and HbA1c levels accounting for 37.1% of the variance in HbA1c (adj. R2 = 0.371, p < 0.001). The following macronutrients, expressed as a median percentage of total energy intake (TEI) in the risk group, were positively associated with HbA1c concentration: carbohydrate (≥39% TEI, p < 0.005; 95% CI 0.030/0.130) protein (≥21% TEI, p < 0.005, 95% CI 0.034/0.141), monounsaturated (≥15% TEI p < 0.05, 95% CI 0.006/0.163) and saturated fatty acids (≥13% TEI; p < 0.05, 95% CI 0.036/0.188). CONCLUSION: Carriers of the T allele showed significantly higher levels of HbA1c compared to non-carriers. Dietary intake affected T2D risk to a greater extent than genetic effects of TCF7L2rs7903146 genotype in a healthy population. The study focus on healthy individuals is beneficial due to the applicability of findings for T2D screening.

An environmental scan of impacts and interventions for women with methamphetamine use in pregnancy and their children.

BACKGROUND: Indigenous women are overrepresented among people who use (PWU) methamphetamine (MA) due to colonialism and intergenerational trauma. Prenatal methamphetamine exposure (PME) is increasing as the number of PWUMA of childbearing age grows. Yet impacts of MA in pregnancy and effective interventions are not yet well understood. OBJECTIVE: We conducted an environmental scan of published and grey literature (2010-2020) to determine effects of MA use in pregnancy for mothers and their offspring, effective interventions and implications for Indigenous women. SEARCH STRATEGY: A strategic search of Ovid Medline, Embase, ProQuest-Public Health and CINAHL databases identified academic literature, while Google and ProQuest-Public Health identified grey literature. SELECTION CRITERIA: Article selection was based on titles, abstracts and keywords. The time frame captured recent MA composition and excluded literature impacted by coronavirus disease 2019. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data extracted from 80 articles identified 463 results related to 210 outcomes, and seven interventions. Analysis focused on six categories: maternal, neonatal/infant, cognitive, behavioral, neurological, and interventions. MAIN RESULTS: Maternal outcomes were more congruent than child outcomes. The most prevalent outcomes were general neonatal/infant outcomes. CONCLUSION: A lack of Indigenous-specific research on PME and interventions highlights a need for future research that incorporates relevant historical and sociocultural contexts.

An observed, prospective field study to evaluate the performance and acceptance of a blood-based HIV self-test in Canada.

BACKGROUND: Self testing for HIV is a targeted intervention with the potential to increase the access, uptake and frequency of HIV testing and more effectively reach the undiagnosed, especially in priority populations. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the INSTI HIV self-test performance compared with laboratory reference testing, (2) document if intended users can perform the steps to use the HIV self-test device, and (3) document if intended users can successfully interpret contrived positive, negative, and invalid results. Study was intended to be submitted to Health Canada for review for regulatory approval purposes. METHODS: The study used a cross-sectional design and recruited consenting adults who were representative of intended users of HIV self-testing from four community sites across Ontario, Québec, and Manitoba between August 2019 and March 2020. The results of the observed HIV self-test were compared with results of the Abbott Architect HIV Ag/Ab Combo test. Usability outcomes for critical (e.g., lancing finger, blood droplet into bottle, shaking bottle four times) and noncritical self-test procedure steps were also determined. RESULTS: Overall, 77% (n = 522) of participants were between 18 and 45 years of age, 61% (n = 410) were male, 71% (n = 480) had some college or more education, and 45% (n = 307) were employed; identity for race and ethnicity: Caucasian (44%; n = 296), African, Caribbean or Black (17%; n = 113), Indigenous [First Nations, Métis or Inuit] (14%; n = 95), Asian (16%; n = 106), Latin American (7%; n = 46). Primary performance analysis on 678 completed HIV self-tests revealed a positive percent agreement of 100% (5/5, 95% CI: 43.6-97.0%) and a negative percent agreement of 99.5% (614/617, 95% CI: 98.6-99.8%) with the comparator method. The overall percent agreement of results interpretation between participant and observer was 93.5% (n = 633). For the 708 participants who took part in the usability study, the average success rate for steps determined to be "critical" for successful completion of the test was 92.4%. 97% (n = 670) of participants found the instructions easy to follow, and 95% (n = 655) of participants indicated that they would use the test again. Of the 404 participants who interpreted the strong positive, weak positive, negative, and invalid contrived results, successful interpretation ranged from 90.6% (for weak positive, n = 366) to 99.3% (for negative, n = 401). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of a regulatory-approved self-test into the Canadian HIV testing landscape could significantly increase HIV testing rates. Having a blood-based HIV self-test approved in Canada can offer an accurate, acceptable, and simple alternative to facility-based HIV testing, particularly when impacted by Coronavirus pandemic restrictions.

Highly Elevated Prevalence of Spinobulbar Muscular Atrophy in Indigenous Communities in Canada Due to a Founder Effect.

OBJECTIVE: Spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an X-linked adult-onset neuromuscular disorder that causes progressive weakness and androgen insensitivity in hemizygous males. This condition is reported to be extremely rare, but has higher prevalence in certain populations due to multiple founder effects. Anecdotal observations of a higher prevalence of SBMA in patients of Indigenous descent in Saskatchewan led us to perform this study, to estimate the disease prevalence, and to attempt to identify a founder effect. METHODS: For our prevalence estimation, we identified patients with confirmed SBMA diagnosis from the Saskatoon neuromuscular clinic database for comparison with population data available from Statistics Canada. For our haplotype analysis, participants with SBMA were recruited from 2 neuromuscular clinics, as well as 5 control participants. Clinical data were collected, as well as a DNA sample using saliva kits. We performed targeted quantification of DXS1194, DXS1111, DXS135, and DXS1125 microsatellite repeats and the AR GGC repeat to attempt to identify a disease haplotype and compare it with prior studies. RESULTS: We estimate the prevalence of SBMA among persons of Indigenous descent in Saskatchewan as 14.7 per 100,000 population. Although we believe that this is an underestimate, this still appears to be the highest population prevalence for SBMA in the world. A total of 21 participants were recruited for the haplotype study, and we identified a unique haplotype that was shared among 13 participants with Indigenous ancestry. A second shared haplotype was identified in 2 participants, which may represent a second founder haplotype, but this would need to be confirmed with future studies. CONCLUSIONS: We describe a very high prevalence of SBMA in western Canadians of Indigenous descent, which appears to predominantly be due to a founder effect. This necessitates further studies of SBMA in these populations to comprehensively ascertain the disease prevalence and allow appropriate allocation of resources to support individuals living with this chronic disease.

The Associations Between Bitter and Fat Taste Sensitivity, and Dietary Fat Intake: Are They Impacted by Genetic Predisposition?

A relationship between bitter and fat taste sensitivity, CD36 rs1761667 and TAS2R38 has been demonstrated. However, research is scarce and does not take diet into account. This study aimed to explore associations between genetics, fat and bitter taste sensitivity and dietary fat intake in healthy UK adults. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 88 Caucasian participants (49 females and 39 males aged 35 ± 1 years; body mass index 24.9 ± 0.5 kg/m2). Bitter taste sensitivity was assessed using phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) impregnated strips and the general Labeled Magnitude Scale. Fat taste sensitivity was assessed by the Ascending Forced Choice Triangle Procedure and dietary intake with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Genotyping for rs713598, rs1726866, rs10246939, and rs1761667 was performed. Participants with TAS2R38 PAV/PAV diplotype perceived PTC strips as more bitter than groups carrying AVI haplotypes (AVI/AVI, P = 1 × 10-6; AVI/AAV, P = 0.029). CD36 rs1761667 was associated with fat taste sensitivity (P = 0.008). A negative correlation between bitter taste sensitivity and saturated fat intake was observed (rs = -0.256, P = 0.016). When combining the CD36 genotypes and TAS2R38 diplotypes into one variable, participants carrying both TAS2R38 AVI haplotype and CD36 A allele had a higher intake of saturated fat compared to carriers of CD36 GG genotype or TAS2R38 PAV/PAV and PAV/AAV diplotypes (13.8 ± 0.3 vs. 12.6 ± 0.5%TEI, P = 0.047) warranting further exploration in a larger cohort.