Bone Sparing Effects of Bisphosphonates in Cyclosporine-induced Alveolar Bone Loss: An Animal Study.

Various pharmacological agents are known to create an imbalance in the normal physiology of bone remodeling. Cyclosporine-A (Cs-A) is one of the drugs that is widely used in transplantation and has its main side effect as gingival hyperplasia and alveolar bone loss by their action on the inflammatory mediators. Bisphosphonates are a new class of drugs that inhibit bone resorption by decreasing the osteoclast activity and number. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of concomitant administration of alendronate on Cs-A-induced alveolar bone loss in a rat model.

An In vitro Comparison of Coconut Water, Milk, and Saline in Maintaining Periodontal Ligament Cell Viability.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Two of the most critical factors affecting the prognosis of an avulsed tooth after replantation are extraoral dry time and the storage media in which the tooth is placed before treatment is rendered. The present study is undertaken to evaluate the periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability after storage of teeth in different storage media, namely, coconut water, milk, and saline. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty sound human premolars undergoing extraction for orthodontic purpose were selected. The teeth were allowed to lie dry on sand/mud for 30 min followed by which they were randomly divided and stored in three different media, i.e., coconut water, milk, and saline. After 45-min storage in their respective media, the root surface was then scraped for PDL tissue. RESULTS: The ANOVA and Newman-Keuls post hoc procedure for statistical analysis of viable cell count under a light microscope using hemocytometer demonstrated that coconut water preserved significantly more PDL cells viable (P < 0.05) compared with milk and saline. CONCLUSION: Storage media help in preserving the viability of PDL cells when immediate replantation is not possible. This study evaluated the posttraumatic PDL cells' viability following storage in three different storage media. Within the parameters of this study, it was found that coconut water is the most effective media for maintaining the viability of PDL.

The efficiency of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite in preventing inoculation of periapical tissues with contaminated patency files: An ex vivo evaluation.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze the effectiveness of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in preventing inoculation of periapical tissue with contaminated patency files. Fifty single-rooted teeth with single canals were used in the study. They were randomly divided into five groups of which two were experimental groups, two positive controls, and one negative control group. After root canal preparation, teeth in Group I (experimental) were filled with 2.5 NaOCl and #15 stainless steel K-files contaminated with Streptococcus sanguis (ATCC# 10556) were allowed to pass through the root canal into the culture medium and cultured. Teeth in Group II (experimental) were also filled with NaOCl, but contaminated files used in this group were immersed in 2.5% NaOCl for 10 s prior to being placed in the canal. The negative control used sterile files pass through 2.5% NaOCl into the culture medium. The first positive control used contaminated patency files in teeth with saline. The second positive control group placed contaminated files into broth next to teeth filled with NaOCl (to evaluate potential chlorine leakage). The results were as follows. Both the experimental groups and the negative control group showed no growth. Both the positive control groups 100% growth for S. sanguis. This indicates that the NaOCl present in the canal after irrigation was sufficient to kill the test organism.

Endodontic Treatment of a Mandibular Second Premolar with Type IV Wiene's Root Canal: A Case Report.

This case report describes an endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar with type IV root canal. A 26-year-old male patient reported pain in right mandibular second premolar. Clinical examination showed a large carious lesion with pulp exposure. Radiographs showed minimal periapical changes and slight widening of periodontal ligament space. Mandibular second premolars usually have one canal. The mandibular second premolar may present large number of anatomic variations. The clinician should be aware of the configuration of the pulp system. This case presents the diagnosis and clinical management of a mandibular second premolar with two distinct canals in the apical third of root (Type IV Wiene's canal configuration), drawing particular attention to tactile examination of all the canal walls and obturating it with calamus 3D obturation system.