Local immunity and microflora of the reproductive tract of gynecological patients before and after immunomodulatory therapy.

Immunomodulatory drugs are widely used as drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of microbial etiology in clinical medicine. The authors evaluated the effectiveness of the therapeutic effect of the Cycloferon immunomodulator in the treatment of chronic purulent-inflammatory diseases of the reproductive tract using clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters. It was shown that under the influence of immunomodulatory therapy, the restoration of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the normoflora was observed with the elimination of etiologically significant microorganisms. The immunocorrective effect of therapy on the indices of local immunity was established: the concentration of lactoferrin increased in the cervical secretion, the level of cytokines IL-1ß and γ-IFN normalized, the amount of secretory IgA increased significantly, which contributed to the enhancement of local protective reactions, as well as the clinical efficacy of therapy, which was manifested in the reduction and/or disappearance of pain syndrome and the absence of relapse for 2 or more years. Conducted researches allow us to speak of immunotropic drugs as a promising direction in the treatment of inflammatory processes of the reproductive tract, a significant advantage of which is rational immunomodulation directly in the focus of inflammation, the availability of treatment, the absence of side effects with adequate therapeutic regimens, which makes it relevant to further study this direction of immunocorrection and its implementation into wide clinical practice.

[The capacity of Escherichia coli to form biofilms in presence of nano-particles of aluminum oxide.]

The effect of various concentrations of suspensions of nanoparticles of aluminum oxide of size of 30 and 70 nm on capacity of Escherichia сoli to form biofilm in vitro was examined. The study used highly virulent strain of Escherichia сoli isolated from a patient with chronic pyelonephritis. The strain was characterized by high capacity of forming biofilm. It is established that nanoparticles of aluminum oxide with size of 30 nm inhibited capacity of forming biofilm. At that, a reliable decreasing of analyzed indication in two times occurred and analyzed clones of Escherichia сoli passed to category of microorganisms with average capacity of forming biofilm. It is established that intensity of factor suppression depended both on size and concentration of nanoparticles in medium. The most effective in suppression of capacity of forming biofilm was concentration of nanoparticles of aluminum oxide 0,015 mkg/ml that decreased intensity of factor in two times.

[The sanitation of staphylococcus bacteria carrying: new possibilities and perspectives.]

The study was carried out to investigate possibility of applying biologically active substances - interferon inductors - for increasing effectiveness of prevention and treatment of torpid forms of infectious process, staphylococcus bacteria carrying in particular, considering effectiveness of their effect on biological characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus. The data are obtained concerning character of effect of pharmaceuticals on persistent characteristics of staphylococcus. These results can be applied in selection of new perspective preparations for sanitation of staphylococcus bacteria carrying.

[Prediction of the development of respiratory diseases in children living in the technogenically polluted areas].

Morbidity from respiratory diseases was studied in children living in the Orenburg Region. The high indicators of allergic diseases and the high rates of resident staphylococcal carriage were revealed among the children living in the highly air polluted areas. The informative parameters were defined, which permitted elaboration of a model for predicting the development of respiratory diseases in the children living in the technogenically polluted areas.

[Influence of synthetic antioxidants on persistence characteristics of microorganisms].

AIM: To assess antipersistence characteristics of synthetic antioxidants belonging to class of triterpenoids. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Synthetic antioxidants synthesized in the Institute of Organic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Science and belonging to class of triterpenoids were used in the study. Antioxidant activity of compounds was assessed by amperometric method using analyzer "TsvetYauza-AAA-01" ("Chimavtomatika Ltd.", Moscow) and expressed in quercetin units (QU). Influence of synthetic antioxidants on persistence characteristics (antilysozyme, anticomplement, and anticarnosine activities) of Klebsiella pneumoniae 278 (Tarasevitch State Institute of Standardization. and Control for Immunobiologic Preparations) and Staphylococcus aureus was determined by conventional methods. RESULTS: Antioxidant activity of studied compounds varied from 1.53 QU to 11.82 QU. Compound No. 5, which had maximal antioxidant activity and was characterized by presence of 2 atoms of oxygen and hydroxyl radical in its structure, influenced on expression of persistence characteristics of studied microorganisms most efficiently. CONCLUSION: Obtained results could be used for the development of new drugs aimed against persisting pathogens.

[Biological characteristics of microorganisms for prognosis of trophic ulcers course].

AIM: To substantiate the possibility to use the biological characteristics of microorganism, in particular, factors of its persistence, for assessment of severity of trophic ulcers of lower extremities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical examinations and bacteriological tests of 48 patients aged from 37 to 80 years with trophic ulcer of lower limbs were performed. Antilysozyme, anticomplement, anticarnosine as well as hemolytic activity of isolated microorganisms were assessed. RESULTS: It was established that microflora of trophic ulcers of lower limbs are diverse and microorganisms were isolated both in monoculture and in associations, with maximal significance of Staphylococcus aureus. Analysis of biological properties of microflora isolated in patients with various courses of trophic ulcers of lower limbs allowed to determine roles of antilysozyme, anticomplement, anticarnosine and hemolytic activities in severity of the illness. CONCLUSION: Performed studies allowed to develop diagnostic models for prediction of severity course of trophic ulcers of lower limbs.

[Diagnostic value of persistent characteristics of staphylococci during their carriage].

Comparative assessment of information value of significant persistent characteristics of staphylococci in state of carriage was made, and the usefulness of these characteristics for creating diagnostic models was defined. One hundred and fifty strains of Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis isolated from healthy persons with subsequent differentiation of carriage types were used in the study. It has been established that strains isolated from resident carriers more often have more markedly expressed factors of persistence. Ranking the factors of persistence of staphylococci according to their information value during carriage allowed to identifythe leading sign among them--anti-carnosine activity. Using factor analysis, obtained signs were united in the single complex defining bacterial carriage, which allows to build a mathematical model permitting to diagnose staphylococcal carriage with 95% probability.

[Anticarnosine activity of staphylococci as a criterion for assessment of their persistence potential].

The analysis on clinical material and the use of experimental models allowed to prove the role of anticarnosine activity of staphylococci in their persistence. Light and electronic microscopy revealed large destruction of ultrastructural eukaryote components and decreased proliferative activity in animals challenged with strains characterized by high anticarnosine activity. Adaptive mechanisms, providing dynamic equilibrium in "eukaryote--prokaryote" system, are described.

[Antilactoferrin activity of microorganisms].

The detection rate of the antilactoferrin sign and the level of its manifestation in 165 strains of different microbial species, isolated from patients with inflammatory diseases and intestinal dysbacteriosis, were analyzed. The detection rate of antilactoferrin activity was 43 - 90% for Escherichia coli strains, 20 - 86% for Staphylococcus aureus, 60 - 100% for Klebsiella pneumoniae, 76 - 78% for Candida albicans, isolated from different biotopes of man. Most frequently and with high levels of manifestation this sign was registered in strains isolated from the reproductive tract of women. The detection rate of this sign and the level of its manifestation in bacteria of the vaginal and cervical microbiocenosis, isolated from patients, were higher in comparison with healthy persons. The inverse dependence between the level of the antilactoferrin activity of microflora and the content of lactoferrin during the inflammatory process in women was established.

[Characteristics of microflora isolated in chronic adnexitides and effects of balneotherapy on biological properties of microorganisms in experimental and clinical conditions]. / Kharakteristika mikroflory, vydelennoi pri khronicheskikh adneksitakh, i vliianie bal'neolecheniia na biologicheskie svoistva mikroorganizmov v éksperimente i klinike.

The study of species and biology of microflora isolated from 42 patients with chronic adnexitides has detected a wide spectrum of pathological agents among which both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms were encountered. The isolated cultures were examined for ability to inactivate lysozyme, complement and lactoferrin. The experiments have established changes in biological properties of the microorganisms in response to use of mud and salty brine therapy. Clinical investigations demonstrate the ability of balneotherapy to restore normal flora, to reduce contamination with opportunistic microflora and suppress biological, including persistent, properties of microorganisms in females with chronic adnexitides. Positive effects of balneotherapy seem to base, primarily, on this ability.

[Microflora isolated in acute inflammatory pulmonary and pleural diseases]. / Kharakteristika mikroflory, vydelennoi pri ostrykh vospalitel'nykh zabolevaniiakh legkikh i plevry.

The species composition and biological properties of microflora isolated from 42 patients with acute inflammatory pulmonary and pleural diseases were studied. A wide spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms was detected. Infective agents causing severe course of the infectious process were found to have a high level of persistence properties.

[Residing Staphylococcal virulence as a criterion for the ecological population load]. / Residentnoe stafilokokkovoe bakterionositel'stvo kak kriterii ékologicheskoi nagruzki naseleniia.

In 1996-1999, a total of 8400 children living in 6 towns and 22 districts of the Orenburg Region were surveyed for resident Staphylococcus carriage. There was a relationship between the ambient air pollution, total morbidity due to respiratory diseases, and criterion Staphylococcus carriage. It has been found that resident Staphylococcus carriage determined by the persistent characteristics of strains may be used as universal test of microbiological monitoring in the ecological status of the atmosphere.

[Features of surgical infection of soft tissues]. / Osobennosti khirurgicheskikh infektsii miagkikh tkanei.

Microflora from surgical infection foci of soft tissues was studied in 92 patients with local, 78 patients with spread and 10 patients with generalized forms of pyo-inflammatory processes. Increase of bacterial contamination of surgical infection foci, more frequent detection of gram-negative bacteria, associations of microorganisms, high antibiotics resistance and persistent characteristics of bacteria in spread and generalized forms of surgical infections were found. Increase of persistent potential of infective agents is significant for prolongation of the disease and generalization of infectious process.

[Microbiological specifics in the course of suppurative inflammatory processes in soft tissues of patients with diabetes mellitus]. / Mikrobiologicheskie osobennosti techeniia gnoino-vospalitel'nykh protsessov miagkikh tkanei u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

The focal microflora of pyo-inflammatory processes has been studied in dynamics in 200 patients with diabetes mellitus. It was found that a longer and more severe course was due to the changed specific composition of causative agents and to the increased specific diversity of the latter in the process of pyo-inflammatory progressing. It was established that the usage of the method of "close" wound management with the application of oxytocin inhibited the change of the causative agents in the course of the disease, led to a more rapid elimination of microorganisms from the pyo-inflammatory focus, to the less frequency of recurrent surgical interventions and shorter duration of courses of treatment in contrast to the results obtained with the other methods of treatment.

[Interaction of oxytocin, laser and electromagnetic radiation on the persistence properties of Staphylococcus aureus]. / Vzaimodeistvie oksitotsina, lazernogo i élektromagnitnogo izulucheniia na persistentnye svoistva Staphylococcus aureus.

The suppressive action of oxytocin, heliumneon radiation and ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic waves (UHF-therapy) on the persistence properties of S. aureus has been experimentally established. The effectiveness of the therapeutic actions under study in the treatment of patients with the prognosticated unfavorable course of purulent inflammatory diseases of soft tissues has been shown.

[Biological importance of the anti-carnosine activity of bacteria]. / Biologicheskoe znachenie antikarnozinovoi aktivnosti bakterii.

The anticarnosine activity has been found to be widely spread among bacteria, the degree of its manifestation depending on the source of isolation. The fact that anticarnosine activity plays a certain role in the phenomenon of persistence has been proved on the model of experimental staphylococcal infection in rats.