[Role of children physical development in radiation hygienic monitoring system].

The article deals with longstanding work on studies of physical development parameters among preschoolers aged 4-7 and dwelling on territories near to objects with potential radiation danger, also on radiation-connected anxiety in parents of the examined children. The stated objects when exploited in normal mode were proved to cause no influence on the children's development. Social and economical factors appeared to play leading role in developmental parameters formation. Increased level of radiation-connected anxiety in parents of the children examined appeared to be out of proportion to real favorable radiation background of the territories examined.

[Medical and hygienic aspects of instrumental supervision system over nuclear materials and radioactive substances transport on Russian Federation territory].

Hygienic evaluation of radiation situation in operation of mobile and stationery elements within a project of national system for instrumental supervision over nuclear materials and radioactive substances transport, created with a Global initiative against nuclear terrorism. Levels of exposure to ionizing radiation of the screening complexes appeared to match requirements on radiation safety for service personnel and general population.

[On individual protective means for workers' respiratory organs (review of literature)].

The article covers topics of selecting and organizing the application of individual protective means for respiratory organs in Russian Federation and abroad. The authors reviewed recommendations of the national authors on respirators selection (over last 50 years) and demonstrated the inconsistency with contemporary worldwide practice. Absent legal regulation of respirators selection and of respiratory organs protection programs, lack of training programs and tutorials based on legislation requirements can be potentially harmful for workers' health. The authors therefore suggested ways to lower this potential harm, based on practice of selection and application of respiratory protection systems in foreign countries and on increased control over respirators certification and outdated models replacement.

[Research on radiation hygiene problems].

The author presents brief historical reference on research in radiation hygiene problems, initiated by scientists in Central Institute for Occupational hygiene and Preventive hygiene (now--Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Institute of Occupational Health" with Russian Academy of Medical Sciences).

[Individual devices for protection of the respiratory organs against dust].

The article covers efficiency of individual protective means for respiratory organs in high dust content of workplace air, define ways to increase the efficiency.

[Calculation of heat-insulating parameters of clothes for comfortable work conditions].

The article covers basics of hypothesis that selecting clothes for workers should consider heat-insulation in accordance with energy expenditure for work in various ambient temperatures with preserved heat balance.

[Mental and physical development of children living in the area of monitoring pollution from a plant for processing and long-term storage of radioactive waste].

Environmental conditions in the area hosting a plant for processing and long storage of low- to moderately-active radioactive waste are described as reasonably safe. Residence in the area does not exert negative influence on the physical and mental development of children. Several indicators of physical development give better estimates than at the control territory. The difference can be accounted for by a better social situation in the study area (housing conditions, financial standing, food patterns, general lifestyle).

[Physiological and hygienic characteristic of high-precision manufacturing operations in microelectronics].

It was shown that workers performing high-precision manufacturing operations in microelectronic industry undergo severe visual, nervous and emotional stress combined with significant locomotor load, air deionization and deozonation, bacterial contamination, and UV deficit at their workplaces. These working conditions promote development of negative changes in the visual analyzer, nervous and emotional disorders, disturbances of systemic and regional hemodynamics. Also impaired is the functional state of the upper limb neuromuscular apparatus, central nervous and cardiovascular systems. The proposed certified complex of organizational, sanitary, hygienic, physiological, ergonomic, therapeutic and preventive measures has positive influence on the working capacity of employees in microelectronic industry.

[Complex hygienic evaluation of territory in running the objects with radiation jeopardy].

Complex hygienic evaluation of observation zone territory in long-standing running an object with radiation jeopardy revealed that radionuclides and heavy metals content of soil, surface water basins and ambient air is the same as background levels in reference territories. The authors point out possible use of the obtained values as reference levels for ecologic control in similar territories.

[Micronuclear test evaluating cytogenetic effects of occupational radiation in low doses].

The authors compared cytogenetic injuries level among "Radon" staffers subjected and not subjected to occupational radiation. Both groups compared demonstrated no reliable differences in spontaneous frequency of micronuclear cells. Micronuclear analysis showed no dependence of the injuried cells level on duration of work with radioactive substances and on doses of occupational radiation. Finding was significant increase in lymphocytes radiosensitivity in individuals subjected to occupational radiation. This group appeared to contain the staffers with micronuclear cells share more than 2 times exceeding average values.

[Parameters of physical and mental development of children and adolescents residing near enterprise for radioactive waste processing and stationary storage].

Operation of enterprise for radioactive waste processing and disposal does not influence negatively physical and mental development of children and adolescents residing in the area under observation. In some parameters, physical and mental development of children and adolescents residing in the area under observation surpasses that in reference area--that could be due to social and economic peculiarities.

[Work and health status of workers of shoe manufacturing industries]. / Trud i sostoianie zdorov'ia rabotaiushchikh na obuvnykh proizvodstvakh.

According to work conditions, severity and intensity, the main shoe-making occupations are assigned to III class of I-II jeopardy grade. If new technology applied, the work is assigned to I-II jeopardy class, being optimal--allowable. Increased mortality with liver cancer and lympholeucosis was revealed among workers contacting chloroprene.

[Children's health in zone of radioactive pollution caused by the Chernobyl accident]. / Zdorov'e detei v zone radioaktivnykh zagriaznenii, obuslovlennykh avariei na ChAES.

The Chernobyl accident led to contamination of vast territories of Russia by man-made radionuclides. One of such regions is the Tula region. For realization of programs aimed at alleviation of the accident consequences, medical and sanitary measures were taken, including many-year monitoring of radiation pollution in the region and health status of various population groups, primarily children. Complex studies were carried out, making use of radiation, sociohygienic, epidemiological, psychophysiological, anthropometric, clinical laboratory, cytogenetic, immunological, and other methods. Dynamic examinations of children of different age demonstrated that radioactive precipitations at a density of 5-15 Ci/m2 did not directly affect children's health; however essential deviations in the health status, such as changes in morbidity, physical development, and incidence of immunodeficiencies have been revealed. The authors consider that realization of health protection programs should concern primarily children.

[Concerning the article by A.I. Khalepo, A.I, Korbakova, I.V. Sanotskii, I.P. Ulanova, "Hygienic aspects of the regulation of occupational chemicals"]. / Po povodu stat'i A.I. Khalepo, A.I. Korbakovoi, I.V. Sanotskogo, I.P. Ullanovoi "Gigienicheskie aspekty reglamentatsii khimicheskogo faktora proizvodstvennoi sredy".

The authors suggest changing a definition "Maximal allowed concentration of chemical hazard in the air of workplace", that was previously included into the Russian State Standard. Moreover, they support to rename maximal single MACs into the average shift ones. For calculation of maximal single MACs, the authors suggest 3-5 times increase of the average shift ones. According to the authors, an idea is to legalize acceptable risk for the workers' health due to chemical hazards in concentrations equal to the MACs and, actually, to increase the former MACs 3-5 times. Those suggestions seem groundless and divergent with the principles of national hygiene, so are met with disagreement. Such radical changes in hygienic regulation should proceed after consultation with wide hygienic community, occupational pathologists and trade unions.

[Health status and prevention of disorders in people performing intensive visual work]. / Sostoianie zdorovía i metody profilaktiki ego narusheniia pri zritelno-napriazhennom trude.

Electronic industry workers, whose work involves visual strain were examined. The work appeared to be characterized by a plenty of unfavourable factors: high visual and emotional intensity, considerable strain of the locomotor apparatus in supporting a fixed sitting posture. The micromountain workers were exposed to poor ionized and ozonized air conditions combined with high bacterial contamination and lack of the UV rays in the air. Examinees showed markedly changed health and functional status of the main body systems. A complex of hygienic, prophylactic, physiological, technological and medical measures yielded remarkable results. Working conditions of electron industry workers are to be regulated.