RESUMO
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of AIDS, impacts millions of people. Entry into target cells is mediated by the HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein interacting with host receptor CD4, which triggers conformational changes allowing binding to a coreceptor and subsequent membrane fusion. Small molecule or peptide CD4-mimetic drugs mimic CD4's Phe43 interaction with Env by inserting into the conserved Phe43 pocket on Env subunit gp120. Here, we present single-particle cryo-EM structures of CD4-mimetics BNM-III-170 and M48U1 bound to a BG505 native-like Env trimer plus the CD4-induced antibody 17b at 3.7 Å and 3.9 Å resolution, respectively. CD4-mimetic-bound BG505 exhibits canonical CD4-induced conformational changes including trimer opening, formation of the 4-stranded gp120 bridging sheet, displacement of the V1V2 loop, and formation of a compact and elongated gp41 HR1C helical bundle. We conclude that CD4-induced structural changes on both gp120 and gp41 Env subunits are induced by binding to the gp120 Phe43 pocket.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD4/química , Guanidinas/química , Proteína gp120 do Envelope de HIV/química , Proteína gp41 do Envelope de HIV/química , HIV-1/química , Indenos/química , Receptores Virais/química , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Materiais Biomiméticos/química , Materiais Biomiméticos/metabolismo , Antígenos CD4/antagonistas & inibidores , Antígenos CD4/genética , Antígenos CD4/metabolismo , Células CHO , Clonagem Molecular , Cricetulus , Microscopia Crioeletrônica , Expressão Gênica , Vetores Genéticos/química , Vetores Genéticos/metabolismo , Guanidinas/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Proteína gp120 do Envelope de HIV/genética , Proteína gp120 do Envelope de HIV/metabolismo , Proteína gp41 do Envelope de HIV/genética , Proteína gp41 do Envelope de HIV/metabolismo , HIV-1/metabolismo , Humanos , Indenos/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Ligação Proteica , Conformação Proteica em alfa-Hélice , Conformação Proteica em Folha beta , Domínios e Motivos de Interação entre Proteínas , Multimerização Proteica , Receptores Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores Virais/genética , Receptores Virais/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/química , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/metabolismoRESUMO
We report here the development and optimization of a process synthesis for the HIV-1 entry inhibitor BNM-III-170 bis-TFA salt (1). The synthesis features a dynamic-kinetic resolution (DKR) to establish the initial stereogenicity. By taking advantage of significant sequence modifications of our first generation synthesis, inconjunction with the low solubility of late-stage intermediates, the overall efficiency of the synthesis has been significantly improved, now to proceed in an overall yield of 9.64% for the 16-steps, requiring only a single chromatographic separation.