Synthesis of Nanoceria with Varied Ratios of Ce3+/Ce4+ Utilizing Soluble Borate Glass.

Mixed-valence cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) have been investigated with pronounced interest due to a wide range of biomedical and industrial applications that arises from its remarkable redox catalytic properties. However, there is no understanding of how to control the formation of these two types of nanoceria to obtain Ce3+/Ce4+ ratios required in various applications. In this work, using a soluble borate glass, nanoceria with specific ratios of Ce3+/Ce4+ are created and extracted via controlled glass-melting parameters. Glass embedded with nanoceria as well as nanoceria extracted from the glass were studied via XANES and fitted with the Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) technique to calculate the ratio of Ce3+/Ce4+. Results show that mixed-valence nanoceria with specific ratios are hermetically sealed within the glass for long durations. When the glass dissolves, the mixed-valence nanoceria are released, and the extracted nanoceria have unchanged Ce3+/Ce4+ ratios. Furthermore, TEM investigation on released nanoceria show that the nanoceria consist of several different structures. Although nanocrystal structures of Ce7O12, Ce11O20, and Ce2O3 contribute to the reduced state, a new quasi-stable phase of CeO1.66 has been observed as well.

Global, Regional, and National Levels and Trends in Burden of Oral Conditions from 1990 to 2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study.

Government and nongovernmental organizations need national and global estimates on the descriptive epidemiology of common oral conditions for policy planning and evaluation. The aim of this component of the Global Burden of Disease study was to produce estimates on prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability for oral conditions from 1990 to 2017 by sex, age, and countries. In addition, this study reports the global socioeconomic pattern in burden of oral conditions by the standard World Bank classification of economies as well as the Global Burden of Disease Socio-demographic Index. The findings show that oral conditions remain a substantial population health challenge. Globally, there were 3.5 billion cases (95% uncertainty interval [95% UI], 3.2 to 3.7 billion) of oral conditions, of which 2.3 billion (95% UI, 2.1 to 2.5 billion) had untreated caries in permanent teeth, 796 million (95% UI, 671 to 930 million) had severe periodontitis, 532 million (95% UI, 443 to 622 million) had untreated caries in deciduous teeth, 267 million (95% UI, 235 to 300 million) had total tooth loss, and 139 million (95% UI, 133 to 146 million) had other oral conditions in 2017. Several patterns emerged when the World Bank's classification of economies and the Socio-demographic Index were used as indicators of economic development. In general, more economically developed countries have the lowest burden of untreated dental caries and severe periodontitis and the highest burden of total tooth loss. The findings offer an opportunity for policy makers to identify successful oral health strategies and strengthen them; introduce and monitor different approaches where oral diseases are increasing; plan integration of oral health in the agenda for prevention of noncommunicable diseases; and estimate the cost of providing universal coverage for dental care.

Validation of the Turkish Cervical Cancer and Human Papilloma Virus Awareness Questionnaire.

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the 'Cervical Cancer and Human Papilloma Virus Awareness Questionnaire' among fertility age women by adapting the scale into Turkish. BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is the fourth most commonly form seen among women. Death from cervical cancer ranks third among causes and is one of the most preventable forms of cancer. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 360 women from three family health centres between January 5 and June 25, 2014. RESULTS: Internal consistency showed that the Kuder-Richardson 21 reliability coefficient in the first part was 0.60, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was 0.61 in the second part. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of the items on the scale was 0.712. The Barlett test was significant. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the model matched the data adequately. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the Turkish version of the instrument is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate knowledge, perceptions and preventive behaviours of women regarding human papilloma virus and cervical cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND POLICY MAKERS: Nurses who work in the clinical and primary care settings need to screen, detect and refer women who may be at risk from cervical cancer.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Essentials of Magnetism Scale (EOM II).

AIM: To test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Essentials of Magnetism II Scale (EOMII) for use by staff nurses as being essential to quality patient care. METHODS: This study consisted of 385 nurses from four joint commission internationally accredited hospitals. The EOMII scale was translated using a back-translation technique. The statistical analysis was carried out using Cronbach's alpha to test the internal consistency of the scale, while the factor analysis was carried out using the principal component analysis together with the varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization to test its construct validity. RESULTS: The total mean scores of all the items of the scale were found to be 155.33 (minimum 77 - maximum 219) and the standard deviation was 29.45. All the items showed a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.01). The Cronbach's α of the scale was 0.92, indicating a high level of reliability. Cronbach's alpha consistencies in subgroups were between 0.87 and 0.70. In this study, job satisfaction and quality results show the sign of convergence as in the original scale, which shows that the scale has a high construct validity (P < 0.01). DISCUSSIONS: Transcultural differences in the quality of nursing services can only be compared with reliable and valid instruments. This study shows that the Turkish version of the EOMII scale is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the nurses' working environment and to provide quality patient care in Turkey.

Hypersensitivity to endotoxin hepatotoxicity in rats with inflammatory lesions.

The ratio of sinusoidal nonparenchymal cells to hepatocytes in rat liver was significantly increased following induction of inflammation, and decreased after subsequent exposure to endotoxin, particularly in the region around the terminal portal venules. Rats with inflammatory lesions were more sensitive to endotoxin hepatocytotoxicity than normal controls, as judged from the dose-dependent increase in activity of serum transaminases and from the extent of liver tissue injury. In addition, these animals, which were already in a state of depletion of hepatic glycogen, demonstrated marked hyperglycemia 24 h after endotoxin administration in small doses of less than 2 mg/kg.