Impact of nurses' roles and burden on burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: Multicentre cross-sectional survey.

AIM: To identify groups of nurses engaging in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) care who are most in need of organizational support. BACKGROUND: Overwhelming stress and susceptibility to burnout have been reported in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Nurses working at five hospitals that accepted COVID-19 patients answered the questionnaire. The Tokyo Metropolitan Distress Scale for Pandemic, Self-Diagnosis Check List for Assessment of Workers' Accumulated Fatigue and Japanese Burnout Scale were evaluated. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between engaging in COVID-19 care and psychosocial/physical burden. RESULTS: In total, 895 questionnaires were analysed. With experience in caring for COVID-19 patients as the independent variable, nurses caring for suspected cases had significantly higher standardized Tokyo Metropolitan Distress Scale for Pandemic scores for 'concerns for infection' (standardized partial regression coefficient ß = .921, P = .004), Assessment of Workers' Accumulated Fatigue (ß = .445, P = .022) and Japanese Burnout Scale 'emotional exhaustion' (ß = .136, P = .021) than those caring for confirmed cases. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses caring for suspected COVID-19 patients have the highest psychological/physical burden and propensity for burnout. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Extensive support systems are required for nurses caring for confirmed and suspected COVID-19 cases.

[Evaluation of Body Temperature during Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Cancer in Elderly Patients Aged over 75 Years Old].

BACKGROUND: Body temperatures in elderly patients undergoing a pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)for treatment of pancreatic cancer have not been fully evaluated. We aimed to compare body temperature during a PD between elderly(75 years old)and non-elderly patients. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients who underwent PD between April 2012 and April 2014 at the Kanasgawa Cancer Center. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: elderly patients(≥75 years of age: group A)and non-elderly patients(<75 years of age: group B). Body temperatures were compared between the groups. RESULTS: We evaluated 58 patients-14 were classified into group A, and 44 into group B. Preoperative clinicopathological outcomes demonstrated no significant differences between patients. A comparison of body temperatures between the groups showed 36.3°C(before surgery)/36.1°C(at 1 hr)/36.3°C(at 2 hr)/36.7°C(at 3 hr)/36.8°C(at 4 hr)/37.1°C(at 5 hr)/37.4°C(at 6 hr)in group A compared to 36.2°C(before surgery)/36.2°C(at 1 hr)/36.4°C(at 2 hr)/36.6°C(at 3 hr)/ 36.9°C(at 4 hr)/37.0°C(at 5 hr)/37.3°C(at 6 hr)in group B. Results did not significantly differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that body temperature is not affected by a patient's age.

Statin treatment rescues FGFR3 skeletal dysplasia phenotypes.

Gain-of-function mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene (FGFR3) result in skeletal dysplasias, such as thanatophoric dysplasia and achondroplasia (ACH). The lack of disease models using human cells has hampered the identification of a clinically effective treatment for these diseases. Here we show that statin treatment can rescue patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models and a mouse model of FGFR3 skeletal dysplasia. We converted fibroblasts from thanatophoric dysplasia type I (TD1) and ACH patients into iPSCs. The chondrogenic differentiation of TD1 iPSCs and ACH iPSCs resulted in the formation of degraded cartilage. We found that statins could correct the degraded cartilage in both chondrogenically differentiated TD1 and ACH iPSCs. Treatment of ACH model mice with statin led to a significant recovery of bone growth. These results suggest that statins could represent a medical treatment for infants and children with TD1 and ACH.