[Cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes with cardiolipin in diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome].

Cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes sensitized to cardiolipin antigen was studied in 172 patients with acute coronary syndrome. In this phenomenon effector cells were peripheral blood T-lymphocytes and target cells were erythrocytes loaded with cardiolipin antigen. It was found that cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes in these patients carries diagnostic information and can have supplementary value in difficult cases of diagnostics of this disease.

[Effect of hypoxic hypoxia on development of atherosclerosis in rabbits]. / Vliianie gipoksicheskoi gipoksii na razvitie ateroskleroza u krolikov.

The study was aim a evaluating effects of intermittent hypoxic training on experimental atherosclerosis. In a three-month experiment rabbits (n = 12) were fed with cholesterol (200 mg/kg of the body mass) and "ascended" to the altitude of 6000 m for 6 hrs per a day. The controls (n = 10) were fed with cholesterol only. Investigated was the dynamics of a spectrum of plasmatic lipoproteids, lipid peroxidation, morphologic alterations in the aorta and mononuclear phagocytes. Intermittent hypoxia caused less evident than in the control increases in total cholesterol (20.6 +/- 2.3 vs. 33.1 +/- 1.9 mmol/l, p < 0.05) and LDL cholesterol (19.4 +/- 2.2 vs. 32.3 +/- 2.3 mmol/l, p < 0.05). Unlike the controls, there were no atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta of the experimental rabbits. Atherosclerosis was diagnosed just by tiny dot- and strip-like lipid patches smaller in size when compared with the control group in which massive diffuse lipid deposits were found. The affected aortic areas made up 13.5% in the experimental group and 65% in the control. Hypoxic training brought about activation of the antioxidant system and was propitious for functional activity and oxygen-dependent and -independent metabolism of phagocytes. Exposure to hypoxia reduced the number of lipid inclusions in monocytes (303.0 +/- 12.5% vs. 370.0 +/- 4.5% in the control, p < 0.05), prevented the dramatic inhibition of the cells observed in the animals fed with cholesterol and, eventually, blocked up formation of spumescent cells. These data infer that intermittent chamber hypoxia exerts the antiatherogenic effect on experimental atherosclerosis.

[HLA genes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the Kirghiz population]. / Geny kompleksa HLA u bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh v Kirgizskoí populiatsii.

The immunogenetic features of the HLA system were studied in 116 Kirghiz patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 120 apparently healthy individuals of the same nationality (a control group). HLA antigen typing was made by the routine microlymphocytotoxic test. The antigens Bw53, Bw62(15), DR2 and DR7 which should be regarded as markers of the disease were more commonly found in the HLA phenotype in Kirghiz patients with tuberculosis than in healthy individuals. The risk for tuberculosis increased in carriers having HLA haplotypes with the DR allele.

Inmunologic prognosis of acute mountain sikness / Pronóstico inmunológico del mal de montaña agudo

En las personas predipuestas al mal de montaña agudo se observan, un reducción de EHC-células formadoras de rosetas (E-RFC), células T salvadoras, la reducción de monocitos y capacidad de los neutrófilos para la adhesión, la inhibición de C3 - y receptores FC en la membrana, aumento de células O.

[Immunologic status of patients with acute altitude sickness]. / Immunnyi status bo'lnykh ostroi gornoi bolez'niu.

T- and B-cells were examined in 56 patients with acute mountain sickness exposed to 3600 m above sea level. They showed T- and B-lymphopenia, decreased PHA- and Con A-induced blast formation from T-cells, reduced content of T mu cells and increased content of T gamma and 0 cells. These changes persisted for as long as 5 months. It was demonstrated that individuals susceptible to acute mountain sickness had a lower level of E-RFC and T mu cells and a higher level of 0 cells. These characteristics seen in the baseline produced a negative effect on the adaptation process.

[The thrombocytolysis phenomenon in patients with myocardial infarct]. / Fenomen trombotsitoliza u bol'nykh infarktom miokarda.

The studies have revealed that the platelets of myocardial infarction patients are lysed when in vitro exposed to the necrotic myocardial antigen or to actomyosin proteins within this antigen, this lysis correlating with the disease clinical course. The reaction is specific. High antigen platelet lysis (greater than 14%) in the first day of myocardial infarction frequently aggravates the course of the disease. The prognosis based on this test helps single out the patients with an aggravated condition among those with myocardial infarction.

[Immunoenzyme determination of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation product levels in acute myocardial infarct patients]. / Immunofermentnoe opredelenie kontsentratsii produktov degradatsii fibrin-fibrinogena u bol'nykh ostrym infarktom miokarda.

The changes in the blood level of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) have been studied in 62 patients with myocardial infarction. 30 healthy donors served as the control. FDP was determined using solid-phase immunoenzyme assay. Acute and subacute phases of myocardial infarction were characterized by an increase in FDP blood level. However, in severe cases a possible low FDP blood level in conditions of fibrinolysis depression may be associated with an increased risk of severe thromboembolic complications.

[T- and B-components of immunity in acute altitude sickness]. / T- i B-zven'ia immuniteta pri ostroi gornoi bolezni.

Immunological aspects of the adaptation process were investigated in 57 male test subjects that stayed for 30 days at an altitude of 3600 m above sea level (Eastern Pamir Mountain Range). The uneventful development of adaptation was accompanied by a short-term decrease in the number and activity of T-lymphocytes. An acute mountain disease led to a distinct deficiency of T-cell immunity which still persisted on test day 30. Besides, the content of zero cells in circulating blood was increased and the blast-transformation reaction of lymphocytes to concanavalin A was inhibited. Prior to the ascent the test subjects who were susceptible to the acute mountain disease showed a lower content of T-lymphocytes and a higher content of zero cells in circulating blood.

[Cytotoxic effect of the lymphocytes in ischemic heart disease]. / Tsitotoksicheskii éffekt limfotsitov pri ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

Coronary patients were shown to have a pool of sensitized killer T cells that produce a cytotoxic effect on target cells loaded with infarcted and intact myocardial antigens and on actomyosin proteins, and evidence of delayed hypersensitivity developing in association with coronary disease. Two kinds of immune shifts were identified with respect to the time of onset of this effect in acute myocardial infarction: in the first case, the appropriate level was exceeded within 2-3 weeks of the disease, and in the second case, within the first days in hospital. The disease tended to take a more severe course in patients with the second type of immune response.

[Immunologic shifts at different stages of coronary disease]. / Immunnye sdvigi na raznykh étapakh koronarnoi nedostatochnosti.

Immunologic shifts and indices of nonspecific reactivity were examined in 261 coronary heart disease patients (40 patients with angina pectoris, 137 with acute myocardial infarction and 124 patients with postinfarctional cardiosclerosis). Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to the infarctional antigen affecting the prognosis and the clinical course of the disease were determined in the acute, subacute and long-term periods of coronary pathology. Autoimmune reactions to the myocardial innate antigen can be detected at all stages of coronary heart disease. Myocardial infarction is also characterized by dysfunctions of individual links of nonspecific reactivity.

Immunological changes in the organism of patients with myocardial infarction.

The study included 261 patients with myocardial infarction in whom heart antibody titre, the index of leucocyte migration and the indicator of their agglomeration with antigen from the infarction and perinfarction region were investigated. Two variants of immunological changes occurring in acute coronary disease were identified--one characteristic of a favourable course of the disease, the second characteristic of a complicated course in the acute and late periods. In patients with prior myocardial infarction, residual sensibilization is present both after discharge from the hospital and 1 to 3 years later.

[Autoimmune reactions to myoglobin in myocardial infarct patients]. / Autoimmunnye reaktsii k mioglobinu u bol'nykh infarktom miokarda.

Autoimmune responses to myoglobin were studied in patients with myocardial infarction at different disease stages. It was revealed that during myocardial infarction, the clone of lymphocytes reacting with myoglobin was activated. Besides, these patients showed sensitized T lymphocytes with high cytotoxic activity, lymphotoxins and leukocyte migration inhibition factor, attesting to the development of the delayed type hypersensitivity to myoglobin. It was demonstrated that lymphotoxin assay in the blood might be of importance for differential diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and angina pectoris with a long-term painful syndrome.

[Antigen-binding lymphocytes in acute myocardial infarct]. / Antigensviazyvaiushchie limfotsity pri ostrom infarkte miokarda.

Sensitized lymphocytes capable of fixing the cardiac antigen and its components, myoglobin and actomyosin, are detected in acute myocardial infarction. Their amount increases particularly sharply in the first 3 or 4 weeks after the infarction, which is indicative of the high activity of the cell link of the autoimmune process.