RESUMO
Calia secundiflora (Ortega) Yakovlev (Fabaceae) is considered a medicinal plant in Mexico but has scarcely been used because of the toxicity of its quinolizidine alkaloids. Several quinolizidine alkaloids have shown bactericidal, nematicidal, and fungicidal activities. The purpose of this study was to identify the alkaloids in the seeds and evaluate the activity of the organic extract on several phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. An in vitro bioassay was conducted with species of the following phytopathogenic fungi: Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Monilia fructicola; and of the following bacteria Pseudomonas sp., Xanthomonas campestris and Erwinia carotovora. Cytisine, lupinine, anagyrine, sparteine, N-methylcytisine, 5,6-dehydrolupanine, and lupanine were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the extract of seeds; the most abundant compound of the extract was cytisine. It was observed that the crude extract of Calia secundiflora was moderately active on bacteria and more potent on phytopathogenic fungi. In contrast cytisine showed the opposite effects.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Fabaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Alcaloides/química , Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Alternaria/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Azocinas/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Líquida , Fusarium/efeitos dos fármacos , Espectrometria de Massas , Pectobacterium carotovorum/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Pseudomonas/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinolizidinas/isolamento & purificação , Quinolizidinas/farmacologia , Quinolizinas/farmacologia , Sementes/química , Esparteína/farmacologia , Xanthomonas campestris/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The ecology and quinolizidine alkaloid chemistry of Calia secundiflora (Ortega) Yakovlev growing at two sites in Mexico were compared. At one site (Hidalgo) the vegetation was dominated by Flourensia resinosa and C. secundiflora, at the other site (Queretaro) C. secundiflora and Dodanaea viscosa were dominant. The Hidalgo site had shallower soils with less organic matter, N, P, and CaCO3. Seeds of C. secundiflora from each site accumulated a similar range of quinolizidine alkaloids, but the profile of alkaloids in the leaves and roots were different. The leaves and roots of plants at Hidalgo accumulated a similar range of alkaloids to the seeds with cytisine and/or N-methylcytisine being most abundant, whereas at Queretaro the leaves and roots accumulated lupinine, with other alkaloids being relatively minor constituents. The latter profile has not been reported previously for C. secundiflora.
