The role of religiosity, coping strategies, self-efficacy and personality dimensions in the prediction of Iranian undergraduate rehabilitation interns' satisfaction with their clinical experience.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the relationship between religiosity, coping styles, self-efficacy and personality dimensions as predictors of satisfaction with clinical experience in rehabilitation interns during transition from academic study to clinical internship. DESIGN: a cross-sectional survey design. SETTING: five rehabilitation faculties. PARTICIPANTS: three hundred and eighteen undergraduate rehabilitation interns, including physical therapy, occupational therapy and speech and language pathology students. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Islamic Religiosity Scale, Ways of Coping Questionnaire, General Self-efficacy Scale, NEO Five Factor Inventory, and Satisfaction with Clinical Experiences Questionnaire. RESULTS: religiosity, problem-focused coping and general self-efficacy had significant positive correlation with satisfaction with clinical internship in rehabilitation students. Among personality dimensions, openness, agreement and consciousness had significant positive correlation with satisfaction with clinical experience and neuroticism had significant negative correlation with satisfaction with clinical experience. The results of regression analysis demonstrated that religiosity and self-efficacy had important roles in the prediction of satisfaction with clinical experience in all the rehabilitation intern students of three disciplines (physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech and language pathology). CONCLUSION: religiosity, problem-focused coping and general self-efficacy seem to be good predictors of satisfaction with clinical internship in rehabilitation students.

Roles of the hinge region and the DNA binding domain of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 E2 protein in initiation of DNA replication.

The bovine papillomavirus (BPV-1) E2 protein is the regulator of extrachromosomal replication of papillomaviruses. The mutants with C-terminal truncations and in-frame internal deletions were constructed to study the role of structural domains of E2 in the initiation of DNA replication. We show that the replication initiation function of E2 is absolutely dependent on the ability of the protein to bind to DNA. Our study also confirms the borders of the functional domains of the E2 protein; residues 1-192 form the activation domain and residues 310-410 the DNA binding-dimerization domain. Some critical length and flexibility, but not the particular amino acid sequence between these two functional domains is required for the activity of the protein to support replication. The hinge region, including the major phosphorylation sites of E2, is also dispensable for the mediation of attachment of the BPV1 genome to the mitotic chromosomes.

A DNA helicase required for maintenance of the functional mitochondrial genome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A novel DNA helicase, a homolog of several prokaryotic helicases, including Escherichia coli Rep and UvrD proteins, is encoded by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear genome open reading frame YOL095c on the chromosome XV. Our data demonstrate that the helicase is localized in the yeast mitochondria and is loosely associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane during biochemical fractionation. The sequence of the C-terminal end of the 80-kDa helicase protein is similar to a typical N-terminal mitochondrial targeting signal; deletions and point mutations in this region abolish transport of the protein into mitochondria. The C-terminal signal sequence of the helicase targets a heterologous carrier protein into mitochondria in vivo. The purified recombinant protein can unwind duplex DNA molecules in an ATP-dependent manner. The helicase is required for the maintenance of the functional ([rho(+)]) mitochondrial genome on both fermentable and nonfermentable carbon sources. However, the helicase is not essential for the maintenance of several defective ([rho(-)]) mitochondrial genomes. We also demonstrate that the helicase is not required for transcription in mitochondria.

Long-term episomal maintenance of bovine papillomavirus type 1 plasmids is determined by attachment to host chromosomes, which Is mediated by the viral E2 protein and its binding sites.

Papillomavirus genomes are stably maintained as extrachromosomal nuclear plasmids in dividing host cells. To address the mechanisms responsible for stable maintenance of virus, we examined nuclear compartmentalization of plasmids containing the full-length upstream regulatory region (URR) from the bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) genome. We found that these plasmids are tightly associated with the nuclear chromatin both in the stable cell lines that maintain episomal copies of the plasmids and in transiently transfected cells expressing the viral E1 and E2 proteins. Further analysis of viral factors revealed that the E2 protein in trans and its multiple binding sites in cis are both necessary and sufficient for the chromatin attachment of the plasmids. On the other hand, the BPV1 URR-dependent plasmid replication and chromatin attachment processes are clearly independent of each other. The ability of the plasmids to stably maintain episomes correlates clearly with their chromatin association function. These data suggest that viral E2 protein-mediated attachment of BPV1 genomes to the host cell chromatin could provide a mechanism for the coupling of viral genome multiplication and partitioning to the host cell cycle during viral latent infection.

Insomnia as a presenting symptom of mania.

Chronic insomnia often can be traced to a treatable physical or psychological disorder. Thorough history taking and physical examination, including comprehensive questioning about the patient's sleep disturbance, may be enough to define the underlying cause and thus avoid the use of benzodiazepines. Mood disorders are prevalent in patients with chronic insomnia, and treatment is best directed at the psychological problem rather than the sleep disturbance. If treatment is not adequate, psychological referral is appropriate.

A novel human B-cell line (U-2904) bearing t(8;14) and t(14;18) translocations.

Sequential activation of bcl-2 and c-myc appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of rare de novo acute lymphoid leukemias bearing both t(8;14) and t(14;18). Acquisition of t(8;14) by follicular-lymphoma cells with t(14;18) has also been related to the clinical transformation into an overt acute lymphoid leukemia in rare cases reported, and a role for c-myc involvement in the progression of some follicular lymphomas with t(14;18) has been suggested by the detection of c-myc rearrangements in association with histologic transformation. However, c-myc abnormalities different from those observed in Burkitt's lymphoma have been reported in diffuse large-cell lymphomas with breakpoints in 8q24, and a t(8;14) molecularly different from the classical one has been found in follicular lymphomas without t(14;18). We report the preliminary characterization of the EBV-negative cell line U 2904 established from a transformed follicular lymphoma that carries both t(8;14) (q24;q32) and t(14;18) (q32;q21) translocations. U 2904 cells have a mature B-cell phenotype, grow in agarose and are tumorigenic in nude mice. Rearrangements of both c-myc and bcl-2 confirmed the involvement of both oncogenes in the translocations which lead to abundant c-myc and bcl-2 transcripts. Two JH rearrangements and one C alpha rearrangement were observed which did not co-migrate with either c-myc or bcl-2 rearrangements. This is the first report of a cell line bearing both t(8;14) and t(14;18) derived from a follicular lymphoma after documented transformation into a centroblastic lymphoma without leukemic features. U 2904 provides further evidence for the involvement of c-myc in the progression of follicular lymphomas.

Characterization of a U-937 subline which can be induced to differentiate in serum-free medium.

We report the selection and characterization of a U-937 subline which is capable of long-term growth in serum-free medium and can be induced to differentiate. The subline (U-937-1SF) can be maintained in standard RPMI-1640 medium supplemented by antibiotics only. As compared to the serum-dependent U-937 parental cell line, U-937-1SF produced lower amounts of lysozyme and elastase and had a decreased surface expression of complement receptor 1 (CD35) and myeloid antigens CDw17 and CD38. Apart from these alterations, the U-937-1SF cells appear to be morphologically, cytogenetically and phenotypically similar to the parental U-937 clone-1 cells. The capacity of U-937 clone-1 cells to undergo phorbol myristic acid (PMA)-, vitamin D3 (VitD3)- and retinoic-acid (RA)-induced differentiation was retained in the U-937-1SF cells as evidenced by the induced growth arrest, development of a monocyte/macrophage morphology and increased expression of differentiation-associated antigens, e.g. CD11b, CD11c, CD14 and CD18. The growth-inhibitory response to cytokines involved in the activation and differentiation of monocytes, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and GM-CSF, was normal. Our results suggest that the U-937-1SF subline can be used as a serum-free model system for studies on various aspects of monocyte differentiation.

[Monoclonal antibodies IGR to nuclear antigens of neutrophilic granulocytes of human blood]. / Monoklonal'nye antitela IGR k iadernym antigenam neitrofil'nykh granulotsitov krovi cheloveka.

Four monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) of series IGR-1 and IGR-2 to nuclear antigens of neutrophilic granulocytes of human peripheral blood were obtained. Mabs IGR-1 2B8 and IGR-1 6B5 are bound to their specific antigens in the nuclei of all the investigated human cell lines. These Mabs were also specific for metaphase chromosomes of cell lines HL-60 and U-937. Investigations on the ultrastructural level showed that Mabs IGR-1 6B5 reacted with the HL-60 nuclear heterochromatin region. Mabs IGR-1 3D3 and IGR-2 2F1 manifested high specificity only for the nuclei of mature neutrophils and of plasma cells.

C-band polymorphisms in lymphocytes of patients with ovarian or breast adenocarcinoma.

To establish the significance of the variability of human chromosome constitutive heterochromatin areas (C-band variants) in a risk of malignancy, C-banding pattern study has been performed in 33 female patients with ovarian or breast adenocarcinoma. The control group included 180 healthy women. The following characteristics of C-bands on chromosomes #1, #9, and #16 were studied: (a) size, (b) size heteromorphisms and (c) inversions, using quantitative and semiquantitative methods of analysis. Our data show no significant difference in the presence of C-band size and location variants in chromosomes #1, #9, and #16 between the patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovary or breast and healthy women. From that we conclude that there is no causal association between the presence of C-band variants on chromosomes #1, #9, and #16 and an elevated risk of ovarian and breast adenocarcinoma.

Some properties of Streptococcus thermophilus bacteriophages.

The morphology, host range, structural proteins and serological properties of Streptococcus thermophilus phages isolated from Finnish cheese plants were investigated. The results show that all the nine phages belong morphologically to Ackermann's group B1. The host-phage reactions and plating efficiency justify the division of these phages into four specificity groups. Most of the phages showed an absolute host specificity as to their plating efficiency but were not strictly specific in the adsorption to different hosts. The electrophoretic profiles of the structural proteins appeared nearly identical. Ten to eleven well separated proteins could be detected. The antiserum raised against one of the phages contained antibodies with different neutralization capacity depending on the phage. Using an immunoblotting technique, four structural proteins were detected that could bind phage antibodies.

Polymorphism of Ag-stained nucleolus organizer regions in lymphocytes of patients with ovarian or breast adenocarcinoma.

The Ag-stainability of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in the acrocentric chromosomes identified by Q-banding was studied in 45 female patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovary or breast and in 45 healthy females. Significantly higher frequencies of Ag(+)NORs per individual (8.8 and 8.3; P less than 0.05), in the G group chromosomes (3.6 and 3.2; P less than 0.05), and in chromosome 21 (1.9 and 1.7; P less than 0.02) were found in patients, compared with controls. Despite the lack of significant differences in NORs between the groups of patients with ovarian and breast adenocarcinoma, the main difference between the patients and controls was due to the patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovary, where a significantly higher frequency of Ag(+)NORs was found in chromosomes 21 (P less than 0.01) and 13 (P less than 0.05).

Q- and C-band polymorphisms in patients with ovarian or breast carcinoma.

To establish the significance of the Q- and C-band variants in risk for malignant disease, chromosome analysis was carried out in 37 women with carcinoma of the ovary or breast and in 40 controls. The frequencies of brilliant fluorescence in segments 3p11q11, 4p11q11, 13p11, 13p13, 14p11, 14p13, 15p11, 15p13, 21p11, 21p13, 22p11 and 22p13, the mean numbers of the brilliant fluorescent segments per cell per individual, and the frequency of inversions of the brilliant fluorescent centromeric area of chromosome 3 were established. The absolute and relative lengths of C bands in chromosomes 1,9, and 16 and the frequencies of C-band size heteromorphisms and inversions were determined. The results of the investigation indicate that the presence of Q and C variants is not associated with an elevated risk of ovarian and breast carcinoma.

Variant chromosome 3 (inv3) in normal newborns and their parents, and in children with mental retardation.

The chromosomes of 102 normal newborn babies (51 boys and 51 girls) born at term, their parents, and 45 nonrelated children with mental retardation at the level of imbecility were investigated by fluorescence microscopy using propyl quinacrine mustard. In each of the 11 families, one of the parents had a variant chromosome 3 that was interpreted as resulting from a pericentric inversion of the brilliant band (or C band) only (inv3). In four cases inv3 was transmitted to the child. The frequency of inv3 in newborn boys and girls was 2 and 6% respectively, and in adult men and women 5 and 6% respectively. In children with mental retardation of unknown etiology the inv3 was detected in five cases (11.1%). This difference from normal persons was not significant.