Investigation of the Genotoxic, Cytotoxic, Apoptotic, and Oxidant Effects of Olive Leaf Extracts on Liver Cancer Cell Lines.

OBJECTIVES: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the seventh most common cancer and the third leading cause of tumor-related deaths worldwide. Mechanisms underlying tumor onset, progression, and metastasis in the case of HCC have not been adequately studied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genotoxic, cytotoxic, apoptotic and oxidant effects of olive leaf extract (OLE) on HCC cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: H4IIE Rattus norvegicus hepatoma cells and Rattus norvegicus healthy liver clone-9 cells were treated with the increasing concentrations of OLEs (250-2000 ppm) in ethanol, acetone, dichloromethane, and methanol. ATP cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation levels, double staining test with acridine orange/ethidium bromide, comet assay, levels of interleukin 1-beta (IL-1ß), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were measured. Significance was determined using ANOVA test. RESULTS: Apoptotic, genotoxic, cytotoxic, and oxidative effects of OLEs increased with the increasing concentrations as compared to controls in H4IIE cells (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to show a significant and selective cytotoxic activity of OLEs in the selected H4IIE cancer cell lines. OLEs could selectively increase the apoptotic damage and show anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties against the H4IIE cells. They could be recommended as potential nutraceuticals in the prevention of cancer.

Evaluation of residual monomer release and toxicity of self-adhesive resin cements.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of leached residual monomers from self-adhesive resin cements and evaluate their toxicity in-vitro. A total of 60 disk-shaped specimens (5 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in thickness) were prepared from each cement (RelyX U200, SpeedCEM, G-Cem) (n=20). Specimens were immersed in artificial saliva and the amount of released monomers [urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)] was identified. Then, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effect on cells were evaluated using the defined amounts of released monomers from cements. The highest monomer release was detected in G-Cem (p<0.05). The highest cytotoxicity value was identified from SpeedCEM (p<0.01) and the highest genotoxicity values were calculated from RelyX U200 (p<0.05). Released UDMA and TEGDMA from self-adhesive resin cements induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effect on cells.

Current HPLC Methods for Assay of Nano Drug Delivery Systems.

In nano drug formulations the mechanism of release is a critical process to recognize controlled and targeted drug delivery systems. In order to gain high bioavailability and specificity from the drug to reach its therapeutic goal, the active substance must be loaded into the nanoparticles efficiently. Therefore, the amount in biological fluids or tissues and the remaining amount in nano carriers are very important parameters to understand the potential of the nano drug delivery systems. For this aim, suitable and validated quantitation methods are required to determine released drug concentrations from nano pharmaceutical formulations. HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) is one of the most common techniques used for determination of released drug content out of nano drug formulations, in different physical conditions, over different periods of time. Since there are many types of HPLC methods depending on detector and column types, it is a challenge for the researchers to choose a suitable method that is simple, fast and validated HPLC techniques for their nano drug delivery systems. This review's goal is to compare HPLC methods that are currently used in different nano drug delivery systems in order to provide detailed and useful information for researchers.